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2020年英语（二）考研真题及参考答案
Section I Use of English
Directions：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
Being a good parents is of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_____(1),particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than_____(2), a younger sibling.
_____(3),There's another sort of parent that s a bit easier to_____(4)a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_____(5)every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_____(6).
Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a _____(7)and composed style with their kids.I understand this.
You're only human,and sometimes your kids can_____(8)you just a little too far.And then the_____(9)happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_____(10)and does nobody any good.You wish that you could_____(11)the clock and start over,we've all been there.
_____(12),even though it's common,it's important to keep in mind that in a single moment u can say something to your child that you may _____(13)for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with. your child but also_____(14)your child's self-esteem.
If you consistently lose your_____(15)with your kids.then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the_____(16)of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when_____(17)by stress is one of the most important of all life's skills.
Certainly,it's incredibly_____(18)to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_____(19)situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward t
u and your children will benefit and_____(20)from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.
1.A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky
2.A in addition B for example C at once D by accident
3.A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually
4.A amuse B assist C describe D train
5.A while B because C unless D once
6.A answer B task C choice D access
2023年江苏省省考公告7.A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical
8.A move B drag C push D send
2020行测真题及答案9.A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable
10.A boring B naive C harsh D vague
11.A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up
12.A overall B instead C however D otherwise
13.A like B miss C believe D regret
14.A raise B affect C justify D reflect
15.A time B bond C race D cool
16.A nature B secret C importance D context
17.A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted
18.A terrible B hard C strange D wrong
19.A trying B changing C exciting D surprising
20.A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
(40points)
Text1
Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.
They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial for5our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.
During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved
forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.
Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.
The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,
facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.
The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are
too,”says Wiles.
21.Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________
[A]pick up social signals from non-living rats
[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
[C]attain sociable traits through special training
[D]send out warning messages to their fellow
22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?
[A]It followed the social robot.
[B]It played with some toys.
[C]It set the trapped rats free.
[D]It moved around alone.
23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they________
[A]tried to practice a means of escape
[B]expected it to do the same in return
[C]wanted to display their intelligence
[D]considered that an interesting game
24.James Wiles notes that rats________
[A]can remember other rat's facial features
[B]differentiate smells better than sizes
[C]respond more to cations than to looks
[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels
25.It can be learned from the text that rats________
[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
[B]are more socially active than other animals
[C]behave differently from children in socializing
[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expected
Text2
It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9million a year.
The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It's not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the y.
Today's CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company"CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus,virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.
The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well.By most measures,corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”
Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insider picks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to,say,stock price
s,a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.
26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?
[A]The growth in the number of corporations
[B]The general pay rise with a better economy
[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms
[D]Close cooperation among leading economies
27.Compared with their predecessors,today's CEOs are required to______
[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork
[B]finance more research and development
[C]establish closer ties with tech companies
考公务员考试内容[D]operate more globalized companies
28.CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite______
[A]continual internal opposition
[B]strict corporate governance
[C]conservative business strategies
全国疫情最新公布[D]Repeated government warnings
29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______
[A]confirm the status of CEOs
[B]motivate inside candidates
[C]boost the efficiency of CEOs
[D]increase corporate value
30.The most suitable title for this text would be______
[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid
[B]CEO Pay:Past and Present
[C]CEOs'challenges of Today
[D]CEO Traits:Not Easy to Define
Text3
Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.
Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zone's future looks uncertain at best.
Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own
are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in2021as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.
It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents'health in the face of a serious threat.The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,strokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.
But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments一Britain s and others across Europe-have failed to do so.
Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas-city centres,。school streets",even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.
31.Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?
[A]Its effects are questionable
[B]It has been opposed by a judge
[C]It needs tougher enforcement
[D]Its fate is yet to be decided
32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?
[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.
[B]They prove impractical for city councils.
山西招生考试网准考证打印入口[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.
[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.南京公务员考试报名入口
33.The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will.