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2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语（二）试题及答案解析
（科目代码：204）
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2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A], [B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)
Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_1_,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of par
enting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,_2_,a younger one.
_3_,there's another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to_4_:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_5_every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_6_.Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a_7_ and composed style with their kids.I understand this.
You're only human,and sometimes your kids can_8_you just a little too far.And then the _9_happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_10_and does nobody any good.You wish that you could_11_the clock and start over.We've all been there.
_12_,even though it's common,it's important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may_13_for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also_14_your child's self-esteem.
If you consistently lose your_15_with your kids,then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the_16_of modeling tolera
nce and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when _17_by stress is one of the most important of all life's skills.
Certainly,it's incredibly_18_to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_19_situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and_20_from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.
1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky
2.[A]in addition[B]for example[C]at once[D]by accident
3.[A]Fortunately[B]Occasionally[C]Accordingly[D]Eventually
4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train
5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once
2022陕西公务员面试名单6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access
7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical
8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send
9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable
10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague
11.[A]turn back[B]take apart[C]set aside[D]cover up
12.[A]Overall[B]Instead[C]However[D]Otherwise
13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret
清算公告14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect
15.[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool
16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context
17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted
18.[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong
19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising
20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escape
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B], [C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial—for 5our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer
mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.
During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.
Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.
Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.
公务员对专业有要求吗The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The rob
ot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels."We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn't necessary,"says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.
The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals."We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,"says Wiles.
21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can____.
[A]pick up social signals from non-living rats四级考试时间2022
[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
[C]attain sociable traits through special training
[D]send out warning messages to their fellow
22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?
[A]It followed the social robot
[B]It played with some toys
[C]It set the trapped rats free
[D]It moved around alone
23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they____.
[A]tried to practice a means of escape
[B]expected it to do the same in return
[C]wanted to display their intelligence
[D]considered that an interesting game
24.James Wiles notes that rats____.
[A]can remember other rat's facial features
[B]differentiate smells better than sizes
[C]respond more to cations than to looks
[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels
25.It can be learned from the text that rats____.
[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
[B]are more socially active than other animals
[C]behave differently from children in socializing
[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expected
Text2
Why CEOs Actually Deserve Their Gazillion-Dollar Salaries
By Tyler Cowen
April11,2019山东公务员什么时候考试
IDEAS
Cowen is Holbert L.Harris Chair of Economics at George Mason University and the author most recently of Big-Business:A love Letter to an American Anti-Hero.
It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue on which the many critics agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too much relative to workers), or that they rig others'pay,or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.
It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporation—from the350largest such companies—now makes about$18.9millon a year.
While individual cases of over payment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.In fact,overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much in|lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock