Unit 6
（山东省自考英语）Text A
The British Educational System 英国的教育体系
All over the world，the mention of English education suggests a picture of“public schools”，and it suggests in particular the names of certain very famous instructions—Eton，Oxford and Cambridge; but People do not always realize what place these institutions occupy in the who1e educational system．
一提起英国教育呈现在人们面前的往往是一幅“公学”的画面，特别是一些著名的教育机构——伊顿、牛津、剑桥等；但是人们往往不了解这些机构在英国整个教育体系中所占的位置。Oxford and Cambridge are universities each haying about 12，000 students out of a total of over 250，000 students at all British universities．
牛津和剑桥两所大学分别拥有大约12 000在校生，而全英在校大学生的总数超过250 000。Eton is a public school，and the best known of the public schools. which，in spite of their name，are not really public at all，but independent and private secondary schools taking boys from the age thirteen to eighteen years．
伊顿是所公学，也是最著名的公学, 尽管名字叫公学，其实并不是真正意义上的公立学校，
而是所独立的私立中学。它只招收13-18岁的男孩。
The public schools in reality form a very small part of the whole system of secondary education；only about one out of forty English boys goes to a public school，and one out of 1，500 goes to Eton．
实际上，公学仅仅是英国整个中学教育体系中的一小部分；在英国仅有1／40的男孩能进入公学读书，而  1 500个中只有1个能上伊顿公学。
Apart from the so-called public schools there is a complete system of state primary and secondary education．which resembles in general the state education in most other countries．
除了所谓的公学之外，英国还有一套完整的国立小学、中学教育体系，这同大部分国家的国
立教育大体相似。
A11 children must, by law , receive fulltime education between the ages of five and sixteen．
法律规定所有5～16岁的孩子必须接受全日制教育，
Any child may attend，without paying fees，  a school provided by the public authorities, and the great majority attend such schools．
任何孩子都可免费到由政府当局开办的学校读书。
They may continue，still without paying fees，until they are eighteen．
大部分孩子都上这类学校，并且可以一直读到18岁。
In presenting an overall picture of English education it would be reasonable to concentrate on the state system alone and refer briefly to the public schools．
要全面介绍英国的教育，应单独集中介绍其国立教育体系，同时简要介绍其公学教育。
However，a1though the public schools are not important numerically，they have been England’s most peculiar and characteristic contribution to educational methods and they have an immense influence on the whole educational practice and on the English social structure．
然而，尽管从数量上讲公学所占的地位不算重要，但它对英国的教育方法做出了最特殊、最
具特的贡献，对整个英国的教育实践和社会结构产生了重大的影响。
For a hundred years most men in leading positions in banking ,insurance ,high finance，some industries ,the army，the church and conservative politics have been educated at public schools．近百年来在银行、保险、高级金融、工业、军队、宗教、保守政见等领域的顶尖人才大都曾
在公学接受过教育。
Things are beginning to change but it will take time．
尽管近来情况开始有所变化，但短时间内变化还不明显。
广东省人事局考试网Among the universities Oxford and Cambridge hold a dominant position．
牛津大学和剑桥大学在大学教育领域处于领先地位。
Of cabinet ministers who went to universities，nearly all went to one or the other of these two，and to Oxford in particular．
读过大学的内阁大臣中几乎都上过这两所大学中的某一所，特别是牛津大学。
A student who receives further full—time education after the age of eighteen, either at a university or
at a teacher’s training college or at some other college giving training of a special type，can usually receive a grant from the public authorities to cover his expenses，or most of them，unless his parents have a large income．
学生满18岁后，若要进一步接受全日制教育，可以选择读综合性大学、教师训练学院或者
其他提供专门培训的学院。政府当局通常可以提供给学生助学金以支付其全部或大部分学
费，除非学生的父母收人很高不需要资助。
But the number of young people who can enter universities is limited by the capacity of universities，which is less than enough to take all the young people who have the basic qualifications for university admission．
但是由于受到大学容量的限制，上大学的青年人的数量是有限的，这些大学的数量不能容纳
下所有具备基本入学资格的学生。
In practice，therefore，entry to universities is competitive．
因此实事上，上大学是有竞争性的。
But university degree courses are also available at polytechnics，and entry to the Open University is less restricted．
但是学生还可能选择上工科学院的学位课程，而且上函授大学所受限制则小得多。
The academic year begins after the summer holidays and is divided into three“terms”．with the intervals between them formed by the Christmas and Easter holidays．
每学年的开始从暑假后的学期算，并且分为三个“学期”，由圣诞节、复活节两个假期间隔
开来。
The exact dates of the holidays vary from area to area．being in general about two weeks at Christmas and Easter，plus often a week or more at Whitsun，and six weeks in the summer，beginning rather late．
各学校的具体放假时间因地区差异而不同，大致上圣诞节、复活节各两周的假，加上通常一周或更长一点的圣灵降临节假期和六周的暑假，暑假开始得相当晚。
Schools outside the state system decide on their own holiday dates，generally taking a month off at Christmas and Easter and eight weeks in the summer ．
不受国家教育体制限制的学校自行决定放假时间，通常是圣诞节、复活节各放一个月，暑假放八周。
The three terms are not everywhere called by the same names；indeed some schools call the January—March period“the Spring Term”，others use“Spring Term”for the period April—
July．
这三个学期在不同的地区叫法不完全一样。实际上一些学校称一至三月学期为“春季学期”，另外一个称呼是称四至七月学期为“春季期”。
Some call the January term“Winter term”(which is logica1).others call it“Easter Term”．
另外一个称呼是称四至七月学期为“春季期”。一些地方称一月学期为“冬季学期”(这是逻
辑上的叫法)，而有另外一个称呼则是“复活节学期”。
Day-schools mostly work Monday to Friday only．from about 9 a．m．to between 3 and 4 p.m．大部分日校周一至周五上课，大约从早晨九点上到下午三点或四点。
Lunch is provided and parents pay for it unless they prove to the authorities that they cannot well广东省教育考试网
afford to．
学校通常提供午饭，但学生父母要付钱，除非他们向官方证明自己负担不起。
All primary school children，including those in independent schools，were given milk free of charge until 1970 when the Government abolished this benefit．
所有的小学包括私立学校都向学生提供免费的牛奶，直到1970年政府取消了这一福利。
CLOZE
研究生报名信息确认
第六课
1、除了很少的几句外，我对法语一无所知。
Apart（除－之外）from a few words, I do not know any French at all.
2、许多妇女对其丈夫有影响。
Many a woman has had an influence（影响）upon her husband.
3、我们应该把注意力集中在提高学生的英语水平上。
We should concentrate（集中）our attention on improving the students’ English level.
4、幼儿园教师经常带领孩子去看飞机起飞或降落。
The nursery（托儿所）teacher often leads her children to watch aircrafts take off or land.
5、所有的饮料都是免费的。
All the drinks are free of charge.
6、最后他决定买一束玫瑰花送给那个生病的小女孩。
In the end, he decided on buying a bunch（束）of roses（玫瑰）for the sick girl.
7、政府给了我们一笔补助，用来盖另外一间教室。
The government gave us a grant to build another classroom..
8、总的说来，这次演出是受欢迎的。
Overall, the performance is enjoyed.
9、申请这个工作你所具备的条件是什麽？
What qualifications（条件）have you got to have for this job?
10、他把他的成功归于他以前所受的良好教育。
He referred（归诸于）his success to the good education he had had.
11、在当前强烈竞争的社会，我们应该具有全面的能力。
In a highly competitive（竞争的）society, we should have overall abilities.
12、电影票价为五美元。
The admission（允许进入）to the movie was five dollars.
Please pay attention that there are more words than are necessary?
afford attain backbring fetch good in mention
offer on private report return well under
There are many ways of attaining education at all levels．Many high schools，colieges，community or district adult schools as well as business and industrial institutions offer noncredit(无学分的)daytime or evening classes in dozens of fields and skills．It is reported that about 1 3 million Americans participate in different forms of adult education through schools，job training，or correspondence courses.About one in four American adults participate in an organized learning group each vear。In recent years，there has been a trend to bring in older students for post．secondary education degree．As has been mentioned，the communitv college has made it possible for all sections of the population to have higher education．Other colleges and universities，both public and private．also offer what is now called“continuing education”programs or“lifelong education”programs of associate degrees?graduate studies or professional development．Under such a system，a worker may contmue his study even on a part—time basis，and a retired person may return college at an advanced age．
有许多接受不同层次教育的方式。许多高中、大学、社区或区域成人学校以及工商业学
术机构都提供许多领域和技能的无学分日班或夜班。据报道，美国大约有1300万人通过学校、职业培训或函授课程来参与不同形式的成人教育。大约四分之一的美国成人每年都要参
加有组织的学习团体。近几年来，有一种趋势是让年龄大一点的学生获得中等教育学位。正如前面所提到的，社区大学可以使任何年龄段的人拥有接受高等教育的机会。其他学院和大学，包括公立和私立的，都提供“继续教育”或“终身教育”，用来获得副学位、毕业教育
或职业进修。在这样的教育体系下，工人可以进行业余教育，上了年纪的退休的人也可以进
入大学学习。
Text B
Higher Education in the United States 美国的高等教育
In the United States,a student who has finished high school may want to continue in higher education．
在美国，一名中学生高中毕业后，如果想继续接受高等教育，
There are several ways to continue in higher education in the United States．
他可以有以下几种选择方式：
There are universities, colleges，community colleges，and technical or vocational schools．
综合大学、四年制学院、社区学院、职业或技术学院。
Each of these kinds of higher education will be described below．
对这几种高等教育方式，下文将分别加以介绍。
A university is much larger than a college．It is larger for two reason.
综合大学比四年制学院规模大，表现在两个方面。
First，a university in the United States usually has several different colleges in it.
首先，美国综合大学通常设有若干个学院。
Each college within a university has a special subject area．
每个学院都有专门的学科领域。
There may be a college of liberal arts where humanities，social science ,natural science, and mathematics are taught．
一般设有文学院，开设的课程有人文学科、社会科学、自然科学和数学等。
There may be a college of education where students learn to be teachers．
也可能设有教育学院，学生可以在这里通过学习成为教师。
重庆中考成绩查询There may be a college of business where business subjects are taught．
也可能设有商学院开设商业课程。
All of these colleges may be part of one university.
所有这些学院可能仅占一所综合性大学的一部分。
Sometimes，in a university，each college is called a“school”：“The School of Liberal Arts”，“The school of Business”or“The School of Education"．
有时，综合大学内的每一个学院都可被称为学院：文学院、商学院、教育学院。
乌兰察布市人事考试中心
Second，a university always has programs for advanced or graduate study in a variety of subjects．其次，综合大学总是设有多种学科的高级专业学院或研究院，
There may be a medical school，a law school，and other advanced programs．
比如医学院、法学院或其他高级专业学院等等。
Students in the United States must have a high school diploma or its equivalent, to enter one of the colleges in a university．
在美国，学生要入综合性大学的学院学习，必须有高中毕业证或者具有同等学力。
Most students have completed regular high school programs．
大部分学生都完成了正规的高中教育课程，
Some older students may have the same amount of education even though they have not completed high schoo1．
一些年龄大的学生尽管没有完成正规的高中学习，但也接受了同等程度的教育。
These students have the equivalent of a high school degree．
这些学生具有高中同等学力。
University students may study for an undergraduate degree in the arts or sciences．
大学学生可以通过学习获得理学或文学的本科学位。
2020国考录取名单公示If they complete a course of study in the arts，they receive Bachelor of Arts degrees．In the sciences，they receive B．S．degree．
如果完成了文科的课程学习将获得文学学士学位，理科的学生将获得理学学士学位。
Students may leave university at this time，or they may choose to go on for a graduate or professional degree．
大学毕业后，学生可以离开学校或选择继续攻读研究生学位或专业学位。
A university may get money for its expenses from several different sources．
综合大学经费的资金来源可有以下几个方面。
It may get some money from the state government．If so, it is a publicly funded university．
若是依靠政府提供资金，就是公办大学。