摘  要
“5.12”汶川大地震震裂山体灾害勘查评价
与治理设计方法研究
作者简介：张瑛，男，1983年10月生，师从成都理工大学许强教授，2009年06月毕业于成都理工大学岩土工程专业，获得工学硕士学位。
摘  要
“5.12”汶川地震发生后，在地震灾区发育了1700余处“裂”而未“滑”、“松”而未“动”的震裂山体，对地震灾区人民生命财产安全造成巨大危害，本文通过对地震震裂山体的现场调研、类比研究、室内分析计算等综合手段，查明其发育分布规律、分析其成因机制、影响因素及特征，对不同类型的震裂山体进行分类，并结合青川县狮子梁震裂山体的勘查、评价和治理设计实例，初步建立一套适合于震裂山体的勘查、评价及设计方法。研究成果主要包括：（1）汶川大地震后，四川灾区新增对人居环境构成直接威胁的地质灾害点达9000余处，地震地质灾害在空间上沿发震断裂带和河流水系呈带状和线状分布；存在明显的上盘效应。距离发震断裂越近地质灾害发育密度越高，在地形坡度由缓变陡的过渡转折部位、单薄山脊和孤立山头或多面临空的山体部位尤其发育。这些地质灾害在硬岩地层的发育程度高于软岩地层；硬岩地层中通常发生的是崩塌类型的灾害，而软岩地层中通常以滑坡居多。
（2）震裂山体多发育于长条形的山脊部位，震裂的面积较大，震裂的裂缝分布较广，潜在灾害点多呈零星分布，并且受土质岩性、地貌条件、水文地质和地震地面运动等因素的影响较大，往往表现为不同的灾害形式，如崩塌、滑塌体及泥石流等。同时，山体被震裂后，大多裂缝比较隐蔽，对灾后重建构成极大威胁。作者根据震裂山体发育的地层岩性将其分为硬岩区震裂山体、软岩区震裂山体和松散堆积体区震裂山体；根据震裂山体发育的灾害类型分为潜在崩塌、潜在滑坡及滑塌体和潜在泥石流。
（3）结合以往地质灾害勘查、评价和治理设计方法，通过归纳总结，针对震裂山体发育的震裂裂缝、潜在危岩体、潜在滑坡及滑塌体和潜在泥石流灾害分别提出了详细的勘查、评价和治理设计方法。
（4）结合实例针对青川县狮子梁震裂山体进行全面的现场调查，制定相应的勘查方案，查明了狮子梁震裂山体地质灾害的总体发育分布特征，变形迹象、斜坡结构特征、空间形态特征及物质组成，采用合理的评价方法对狮子梁震裂山体发育的3个潜在滑塌体和11处危岩体进行了评价，在此基础上对其提出了“清
成都理工大学硕士学位论文
方+裂缝夯实+主动防护网+被动防护网+拦石墙+锚杆”相结合的综合治理方案。 关键词：震裂山体勘查评价治理设计
Abstract
吉林地震局Study On Exploration, Evaluation And Control Design Of
Shattering Mountains in "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake
Introduction of the author: Zhangying, male, was born in October, 1983 whose tutor was Professor Xuqiang . He graduated from Chengdu University of Technology in Geotechnical Engineering major and was granted the Master Degree in June, 2009.
Abstract
After the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake, there developed more than 1700 shattering mountains which are "crack not slip" or "pine not move" in the earthquake-disaster area. It caused great harm of people's lives and property in the earthquake-disaster area. This paper identified the development and distribution regularity of shattering mountains, analysised genetic mechanism, influencing factors and characteristic of shattering mountains, classified different types of shattering mountain by some comprehensive means such as site investigation, analogical research, analysis and calculation indoor and so on, and combining the example of the method of exploration, evaluation and control design in Shiziliang. Finally, this paper initial established a set of method of exploration, evaluation and control design which is suitable for shattering mountains.
(1) After the Wenchuan earthquake, there added more than 9000 geological hazard spots in Sichuan disaster area which directly threatened living environment and there were more than 1700 shattering mountains. Geological hazards which caused by earthquake distributed along the earthquake fault zone and river water in space and were zonal or linear. There is an obvious hanging wall effect. The less the disk from the earthquake fault of geological hazards, the higher the density of the development of geological hazards, in particular in the part of the transition and turning point of the terrain by the slowly decreasing steep, thin ridges, solitary ridge or mountains part which is multiaspect facing empty. The development of geological hazards in hard rock layer is more than in the soft rock layer. There usually occurs collapse hazards in hard rock layer and landslides in the soft rock layer mainly.
(2) Many shattering mountains in "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake developed in the ridge parts of a long strip. The shattering area were large and the shattering cracks were
成都理工大学硕士学位论文
wide. Shattering mountains were impacted by the soil lithology, geomorphological conditions, geological, hydrological, earthquake ground motion and other factors. A shattering mountain often dev
eloped a number of hazards potential point and performed different forms such as collapses, slip blocks, debris flow and so on. At the same time, after the mountains were shattered, the cracks were hidden and mostly threatened the post-hazard reconstruction. Author divided shattering mountains into hard rock shattering mountains, soft rock shattering mountains and loose deposits shattering mountains according to the formation lithology which shattering mountains developed in. and author divided shattering mountains hazards into potential collapses, potential slip blocks, potential debris flow according to type of hazard in shattering mountains.
(3) According to characteristics of the different types which shattering mountains developed, this paper proposed detailed method of exploration, evaluation and control design by induction and summarization according to each type of hazard, with combining of geo-hazards in the past.
(4) This paper carried out detailed survey of Shiziliang shattering mountains in Qingchuan. Through reasonable exploration program, this paper identified the overall characteristics of development of the distribution, deformation, structure of the slope, space form and material composition of geological hazards in Shiziliang shattering mountains in Qingchuan, at the same time, carried out slope stability analysis of three potential slip blocks and eleven dangerous rock body which developed in Shiziliang shattering mountains in Qingchuan. Based on the study, author proposed the control design which was
"Clearance + Filling Joint + Active protention net + Passive protention net + Retaining wall + Bolt"
Keywords:  Shattering Mountains, Exploration, Evaluation , Control design
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本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得成都理工大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。
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