一、 虚拟语气
did /didn’t sth (希望某人现在或者将来做某事)
①Would rather that sb
had/hadn’t done sth (希望某人过去应该做某事)
eg1: I would rather that you began today. 译：我希望你今天就开始。
eg2: I would rather that I hadn’t spend so much money 译： 我真希望自己没有花掉那么多钱。
②If only 要是
eg1: If only we could go abraod for our holidays this year. 译： 要是我今年能去国外度假就好
了。
eg2: If only we hadn’t wasted so much time in college 译：要是我们在大学里没有浪费这么多时间就好了。
eg1 it is time that she washed that dress 译：她该洗衣服。
④动词引导的宾语从句（从句应为should +动词原型） advise/ask /demand/ insist/ suggest/ require /request /urge/ propose
eg1 the teacher demanded that the student should leave the classroom 译：老师要求那个学生离开教室。
It is +形容词+that +sb + should +动词原型 necessary/essential/advisable/urgent/ important/vital
eg1:It’s vital for your health that you take this medicine. 译：这些药对你的健康很有帮助。
⑤ 主句 从句
If +主语+did/was /were . 主语+would/should /could +have+done(对现在或将来的假设)
If+主语+had done 主语+ would/should /could +have+done（对过去的假设）
eg1:if I had the time ,I would go to the beach with you this weekend
译：要是我有时间，这个周末我将和你一起去海滨。
Eg2: if she had returned an hour earlier ,mary would haven’t caught in the rain.
译：要是玛丽提前一个小时返程， 她将不会淋雨。
⑥It +be+ 序数词(first second )time that+从句
若be 四六级啥时候考为is ，从句用现在完成时。Eg1: It is the second time that I have seen this film
若be为 was,从句用过去完成时。Eg2: It was the second time that I had been out with alone
⑦But for ……………要不是，（从句主语+ would/should /could +have+done）
Eg1: But for the stormrain,our sports meeting wouldn’t have been cancled 译：要不是暴风雨，运动会将不会被取消。
二、比较结构
① More A than B与其说B不如说A
eg1:Experinces shows that sucesess is due more to hard work than to his intelligence.
译：经验告诉我们成功与其说取决于一个人的智力，还不如说是他的努力。
There is nothing to do but +动词原型
②
Do nothing /couldn’t do anything but do
eg1:There is nothing we can do but wait as calmly as we can .译： 我们除了在这静静地等外，没有其他办法了。
eg2:I couldn’t do anything but just sit there..译：我们除了在这静静地等外，没有其他办法了
三、倒装句，强调句。
①Only+ 状语+主谓倒装------------(将助动词/情态动词或be动词提前)
eg1：Only recently had I taken holiday activities into consideration
译；我最近才开始考虑暑假活动。
eg2：Only when he had done it did he realize that he had made a mistake.
译；在干完这件事后，他才开始认识到他已经犯了一个错误。
②At no time /in no way /under no circumstances/on no account/in no case.
eg1: under no circumstances should we ignore our mistakes.
译：任何情况下我们都不该忽视自己的错误。
③Not until / never/ no sooner/ not only / scarcely/ hardly/ rarely/ seldom/ little.
eg1: Not only quite recently did I have any idea what a foolish mistake was.
译：直到最近我才意识到自己犯了一个多么愚蠢的错误
eg2：Not only did Jim show himself a good student but he also proved himself a good athlete.
译：吉姆不仅是一名好学生，而且他还努力证明自己也是一名优秀的运动员。
eg3: Scarcely had we started lunch when the doorbell rang. 译：正当我们开始吃饭时候门铃响了。
eg4: No sooner had Mary arrived there than she fell ill. 译：玛丽一到那儿就开始生病了。
四、What 引导的从句
①作主语 what caused the accident is a complete mystery
②作表语 this book is just what I have been looking for
③作宾语 show me what you have written
五、让步状语从句 No matter how/when /who /what
六、现在完成时的标志
So far …up to now…. until recently ….lately ….in recent years /…
七、it作形式主语或宾语
①It happens /appears /seems/+that / 碰巧的是、好像会、似乎是、
eg1: It happened that I was not in London at that time 译：碰巧的是我那时候不在伦敦。
②It occurs/occurred to sb that …………
eg2: It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.
译：我突然想到她可能忘记了日期。
八、表推测
①Must/could/can/might /may + have done …….推测某人已做过某事
eg1: I must have been asleep 译：我那时可能已经睡了。
②Needn’t / shouldn’t + have + done …….已经做过了一件本没必要或不应该做的事情
eg1: I needn’t have written to him because he phoned me shortly.
译：我本没有必要给他写信，因为他不久后给我打电话了。
九、条件状语从句
①Unless（除非）/ in case（以防） / as long as（只要） ….(主句为一般现在时，从句为一般将来时)
eg1:Unless you tell him ,he will lose faith in you completely
译： 除非你告诉他，否则他将对你完全失去信任。
eg2 You can go out ,as long as you promise to be back before eleven .
译：只要你答应在十一点之前回来，就可以出去。
根据近几年的翻译真题来看，针对某项语法重复考察率比较高，所以对曾经考察过的语法点依然不可松懈。下面所提一些重点语法项目，并提出一些建议，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。
(1)句型以及其倒装使用
2008年6月翻译真题第91题：
__________________________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (Key：Not until he accomplished / finished the mission )
建议：以此类推，掌握如下常用句型(以倒装方式给出)
Not only ……..but also……
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