题型有：1. Thumbs upAmerica and Europe: a【T1】or approval sign【T1】______【T2】countries: rude and offensive gesture【T2】______Australia: a. a sign of OKb. a grave insult: moving it【T3】【T3】______2. The dog callAmerica and Europe: a【T4】gesture【T4】______Philippines: offensive and used only for【T5】【T5】______Singapore: indicating【T6】【T6】______3. The OK signGreat Britain and America: everything is goodLatin America and France: it has【T7】【T7】______Turkey: a sign of a【T8】【T8】______4.【T9】【T9】______ Latin America: hurry upGreat Britain and America: a. remember somethingb.【T10】【T10】______
1． 【T1】
正确答案：going good
音提到，在大多数的欧美文化中(American and European cultures)，竖起大拇指的意思是事情按照你的计划进行或是你对事情表示认可，即事情进展顺利going good或者赞同认可(approval)。故本题填入going good。 知识模块：讲座
2． 【T2】
正确答案：Islamic and Asian
解析：本题要求填入在哪些国家，thumbs up被视为是粗鲁无礼的手势(rode and offensive gesture)。录音提到，在伊斯兰和亚洲国家(Islamic and Asian countries)，竖起大拇指被认为是一种粗鲁无礼的手势。故本题填入Islamic and Asian。 知识模块：讲座
3． 【T3】
正确答案：up and down
解析：本题涉及thumbs up手势在澳大利亚代表的意义。录音提到，在澳大利亚，这个手势意味着OK，但是如果你将它上下移动(move it up and down)，则被认为是一种严重侮辱(a grave insult)的手势。故本题填入up and down。 知识模块：讲座
4． 【T4】
正确答案：tempting／seductive
解析：本题要求填入在美国和欧洲的文化中，the dog call(弯曲手指召唤某人靠近)手势代表的意义。根据录音，在欧美文化中，这种手势通常是具有诱惑力的女人(tempting woman)召唤男人时使用的。然而在菲律宾(Philippines)不要使用这样诱人的手势(seductive gesture)。故本题填入tempting或者seductive皆可。 知识模块：讲座
5． 【T5】
正确答案：dogs
解析：本题要求填入在菲律宾(Philippines)，the dog call手势使用的对象。根据录音，这是一种最不好的手势，仅用于召唤狗。故本题填入dogs。 知识模块：讲座
6． 【T6】
正确答案：death
解析：本题要求填入the dog call手势在新加坡(Singapore)代表的意义。根据录音，在新加坡，这个手势暗示死亡(indication of death)。故本题填入death。 知识模块：讲座
7． 【T7】
正确答案：negative connotations
解析：本题要求填入the OK sign在拉丁美洲和法国是什么样的手势。根据录音，这个手势在拉丁美洲和法国被认为是一种侮辱性的符号，具有负面涵义(negative connotations)。故本题填入negative connotations。 知识模块：讲座
8． 【T8】
正确答案：homosexual
解析：本题要求填入在土耳其(Turkey)，the OK sign代表的意义。根据录音，在土耳其，这个手势是同性恋(homosexual)的标志。故本题填入homosexual。 知识模块：讲座
9． 【T9】
正确答案：Snapping fingers
解析：本题要求补充最后一个要点内容。根据录音内容得知，最后一个要谈论的手势是snapping fingers(弹响指)。故本题填入Snapping fingers。 知识模块：讲座
10． 【T10】
正确答案：get an idea
解析：本题要求填入在英国和美国，snapping fingers代表的意义。根据录音，在英国和美国，人们弹响指表示的是想起某件事情(remembers something)或者想到一个主意(gets an idea)。故本题填入get an idea。 知识模块：讲座
听力原文： How to Build a Strong Team Spirit No man is an island, especially in a business organization. Whether you are the CEO or the cleaning lady, in an organization you have to consider yourself as part of a team in order for a business to function smoothly. As we know, creating a team environment in a company does not come easy. To effectively build teams, it is important to remember three principles: [1]Teamwork is biased on a com
pany’s culture. Companies that encourage open, honest communication and foster employee interaction are in a better position to have good teamwork among employees. [2]Team spirit comes from the top. Building effective teams with the right attitude stems from the highest levels of an organization. Only by flattening the traditional organizational pyramid can one expect to instill the right team culture. [3]The staff must fit the culture. Some people are team players and some aren’t. It’s partly a question of personality and partly a matter of training. One person in the team with the wrong attitude can frustrate and even do harm to the effort of the entire team. Teams are not born, they’re built. Here’s how to go about building an effective team. First, start at the beginning—[4]Hire people who fit into the company’s team culture. [5]Use interviews and pre-employment assessments well to determine a person’s personality and traits. Look for cooperation and a willingness to listen in order to determine whether an applicant can work well in a team environment. Second, let everyone know where you’re going—[6]This means making employees part of the strategic planning process and making sure they understand the goals. It’s important that every team member buys into the plan. Third, [7]hold the team a
ccountable for results—Establish clear team and individual expectations. Make sure everyone understands that it’s the result of the team’s work that counts. Base your reward system on the team’s ability to achieve its goals. Provide individual recognition based on contribution to the team effort. Fourth, keep communication lines open—[8]Encourage frank and open communication among team members and management. Solicit ideas and suggestions from team members on ways to better achieve the team’s goals. [9]Fifth, resolve team conflicts immediately—Work to correct performance, attitude or ethics problems of individual team members when it is possible. If the person just doesn’t fit into the team mold, replace him or her with one who does in order to protect the integrity of the team. Sixth, keep morale high—[10]Team members function best when their individual contribution to the team are recognized. This, in turn, leads to a strengthening of the team spirit among its individual members. Making employees realize that they are part of one team is the best antidote to an insular, narrow-minded work attitude. This will create a willingness on the part of everyone to pull in one direction, regardless of the job or task at hand. With all the advice, I believe it is resourceful enough. Now, it is your turn to think how to use the knowledge I offered to build your own team.
How to Build a Strong Team Spirit1. Three principles to building a teamTeamwork is based on【T1】【T1】______Team spirit stems from【T2】【T2】______Team members must【T3】the culture.【T3】______2. Ways to building a team【T4】people fit team culture【T4】______Use【T5】and pre-employment assessments【T5】______Let everyone know where you’re goingMake every team member part of the【T6】【T6】______Hold the team【T7】results【T7】______ Establish clear team and individual expectationsKeep communication lines openEncourage【T8】communication【T8】______Resolve team conflicts【T9】【T9】______Correct performance, attitude or ethics problemsKeep morale highRecognize【T10】【T10】______
11． 【T1】
正确答案：a company’s culture／corporate culture
解析：本题要求补充第一个原则。录音提到，要建立高效团队，打造团队精神，有三个原则
要谨记，本题要点是第一个原则：团队是以企业文化为基础的(teamwork is based on a company’s culture)，所以填入a company’s culture或corporate culture皆可。 知识模块：讲座
12． 【T2】
正确答案：the top
解析：本题要求补充三个原则中的第二点，团队精神的形成是自上而下的(from the top)，所以此处填入the top。 知识模块：讲座
13． 【T3】英语四级听力原文及音频
正确答案：fit／fit into
解析：本题考查原则中的第三点。录音提到员工必须融入企业文化(staff must fit the culture)，接着谈到态度不正确的团队成员会对整个团队的工作造成伤害，所以填入fit或fit into皆可。 知识模块：讲座
14． 【T4】
正确答案：Hire／Employ／Recruit
解析：录音提到，树立团队精神的第一步是聘请符合企业文化的人(hire people who fit into the company’s team culture)，空格中要求填入表示“雇佣”的动词，故hire、employ和recruit皆可。 知识模块：讲座
15． 【T5】
正确答案：interviews
解析：结合上文，要聘请符合企业文化的人，可通过面试(interview)和入职前测评(pre-employment assessment)来确定应聘者的个性和特点，所以此处填入interviews。 知识模块：讲座
16． 【T6】
正确答案：strategic planning process
解析：本题考查建立团队的第二个方法，录音提到第二个做法是要让员工成为战略规划过程(strategic planning process)的一部分，确保其了解团队的目标，所以strategic planning process是本题答案。 知识模块：讲座
17． 【T7】
正确答案：accountable for
解析：本题考查建立团队的第三个方法，录音提到第三个方法即要让整个团队对结果负责，直接引用原文的accountable for即可。 知识模块：讲座
18． 【T8】
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