真题实战
The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
结构分析
整个句子的主干是The behavioral sciences have been slow to change，后面是由and连接的两个原因状语。
词汇释义
explanatory a. 解释的，说明的
iterm n. 项目，条款
observe v. 观察，遵守
拆分翻译
The behavioral sciences have been slow to change / /
行为科学发展缓慢
partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and/ /
部分是因为用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的
partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find
部分原因是其他种类的解释方式很难到
参考译文
行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分是因为用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他种类的解释方式很难到。
总结
原因状语的处理。
真题实战2021年考研英语一真题答案
Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements——themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
结构分析
句子的主干是一个简单句，主干部分是Additional social stresses may also occur；介词短语because of 引导 or 连接的两个原因状语；分词短语arising from mass migration movements作定语，修饰problems；破折号连接的是独立主格结构，补充说明mass migration movements。
词汇释义
additional a. 额外的，附加的
occur v. 发生，出现
由...引起
mass a. 大批的，大量的
relatively ad. 相对地，相当地
拆分翻译
Additional social stresses may also occur / /
新的社会压力也有可能会产生
because of the population explosion / /
由于人口激增
or problems arising from mass migration movements/ /
由于大量移民运动所带来的多种问题
——themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport
如今，现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易
参考译文
新的社会压力之所以会产生，是因为人口激增或由大量移民运动所带来的多种问题——如今现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易。
总结
原因状语的处理以及一些单词的翻译。
真题实战
Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
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