Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
In Cambodia,the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young woman,but also a matchmaker.A man can2a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to3the marriage negotiations,or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse,giving the child little to say in the selection.4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days,7by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groo
考研英语1真题m’s wrists,and10a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may12with them up to a year, 13they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to14,but not common.Divorced persons are15with some disapproval. Each spouse retains16property he or she17into the marriage,and jointly-acquired property is 18equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender discrimination19up:The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20the woman must wait ten months.
1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of[C]as well as[D]with regard to
2.[A]adapt to[B]provide for[C]compete with[D]decide on
3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone
4.[A]Above all[B]In theory[C]In time[D]For example
5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless
6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through
7.[A]since[B]but[C]or[D]so
8.[A]copy[B]test[C]recite[D]create
9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying
10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving
11.[A]meeting[B]collection[C]association[D]union
12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live
13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]if[D]for
14.[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid
15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed
16.[A]whatever[B]however[C]whenever[D]wherever
17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed
18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided
19.[A]breaks[B]warns[C]shows[D]clears
20.[A]so that[B]while[C]once[D]in that
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)
Text1
France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That's a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions,Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions re
garding the age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.”The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW),which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?
[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.
[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.
22.The phrase“impinging on”(Line2,Para.2)is closest in meaning to_____.
[A]heightening the value of[B]indicating the state of
[C]losing faith in[D]doing harm to
23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.
[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.
24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for_____.
[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’character.
2016年考研英语一真题及大师兄版解析
29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference_____.
[A]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.
[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.
[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.
[D]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.
30.In the last paragraph,the author shows his appreciation of_____.
[A]the size of population in Britain[B]the political life in today’s Britain
[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain
Text3
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winn
ing economist,“That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes t
ended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%results in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,”says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with_____.
[A]tolerance[B]skepticism[C]uncertainty[D]approval
32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by_____.
[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers
[C]winning trust from consumers[D]raising the quality of its products
33.The expression“more lenient”(Line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to_____.
[A]more effective[B]less controversial
[C]less severe[D]more lasting
34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company’s CSR record_____.
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