大学英语四级阅读理解精讲
第一：先题后文先看题再看文章能够将更多简单的题先做出来，当你发现简单题全部处理完毕之后，剩下的难题可以再重新回到文章当中再去那些已经被挑剩下的段落。所以不管怎么样一定是先题后文，稍后再文题同步或先文后题。
第二：关键词定位（key words positioning）和同义替换（paraphrasing）。
其实阅读只考两件事，一件事情是简单的：看到什么，定位什么，选择什么；而另外一个则是通过定位确定这个位置，然后再进行一个切换之后发现原来这个东西就是另外一个东西。
今年四六级组季会发布的样题中，关于段落信息匹配题是这样表述的：You have to identify the paragraph from which the information is derived“你需要去确认信息是来自于哪一个段落的”。换一个表达方式叫做which paragraph contains the following information（哪一段包含了以下的信息）。接下来我们用样题来分析一下关键词定位（key words positioning）和同义替换（paraphrasing）在段落信息匹配题中如何实践。
1、关键词定位（key words positioning）
Since the mid-1970s，the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of3.9percent.像这道题就属于比较简单的题目。这道题是来自于四级样卷的Q47，当这道题出现的时候，同学们应该关注的是划线的两个数据，而20世纪70年代中期这个数据其实它的意义绝对没有3.9%大，因为前方是一个时间段，有可能经常出现，而后方是一个具体数值，具体数值的高频可能性不大，因为对于很多人来说他们都明白越高频的单词或短语的形式越不能成为我们的核心钩划点，3.9%一旦出现就让我们在全文当中展开3.9%的寻之旅吧！
Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of3.9percent，from800，000in1975to2.5million in2004.这时我们会发现顺序再读的时候四级样卷的C段出现了一个3.9%，这样一个点一旦出现，这一道四级简单的匹配题就结束了。
2、同义替换（paraphrasing）
接下来，我们再来看另外一个匹配的情况，现在是一个稍难的版本，来自于六级样卷第52道题。
A series of books，mostly authored by Americans，warned……
这句话的含义是一个系列的书籍都是由美国作者来完成的，警告说……
A succession of books，mainly by Americans……Sounded the alarm这是原文的B段开头，跟它几乎是
一模一样，但是很明显六级和四级相比，它的难度就有一点大了。首先，可别看错，在原文中出现一个单词叫succession，它意思是一个序列的，或者是一个系列的一拨儿的，千万不要看成了成功，整句翻译为一个序列的书主要是由美国人来做。大家仔细看一下mainly换成了mostly，而warned，警告，被换成了sounded the alarm，“拉响警笛”或“拉响警报”。由此我们发现，同义替换对于解题是非常重要的。
先题后文，快速了解文章主旨
段落细节信息配对题的陈述都是文章细节信息，尽管看起来寻答案十分不易，但是事实上题干的表述基本都是围绕文章标题或者每一段落的主题进行描述的，尽管后面题干中的每一个表述并不是文章的主旨句，但是却都与文章的主题息息相关的，考生预先快速阅读题干部分的内容，可以迅速了解文章主旨大意。考试中时间紧迫，考生没有时间通读全文，通过快速浏览这种题目的题干不失为在短时间内掌握文章主旨大意的一种方法。
标记特殊词汇，快速定位题目
段落信息匹配题的文章篇幅较长，考生阅读起来十分困难，但是在文章中如果出现一些精确数据、非文章高频词的大写或专有名词、斜体或援引等内容时，考生可以标记下来，当题干中也出现这些内容时，考生就可以通过这些特殊词汇来快速定位题干并匹配文章内容。
速读文章，关注段首段尾，学会同义词替换
考生在做题时可以速读每一段，知道这一段的主要内容就可以了，不要逐字逐句的来翻译文章的意思，着重关注一下段首段尾句和重点词汇句，理清这段的逻辑关系就可以了，这样可以帮助考生节省很多做题时间。此外，当遇到速读无法解决的段落及题目时，考生要学会同义词的替换。同意替换是阅读类题目终极解决方案，它包括单词或短语甚至句子用另一种含义表达的所有形式。相对而言，四级部分更多强调词语的同意替换，所以考生在平时复习时就要养成关注同义的词汇或者短语，多积累多见识，考试的时候用到什么就是信手拈来的事情了。
以上就是文都老师为大家总结的段落信息匹配题的做题技巧，这类题型在四级考试中比较新颖，考生要记得多做模拟题练习练习。
匹配题型：
Section B
Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each s tatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the inform ation is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter Ans wer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.
Driver’s License Test Tips
A.This article will provide you with some simple tips for passing your driver’s license test.Adequate preparation is absolutely essential，without which any number of driver’s license test tips will be redund ant.
B.Getting a driver’s license is a big step in anyone’s life.It gives an individual the luxury to drive a car anytime he or she pleases，as driving without passing a driver’s license test is against the law.
For some people，the stress can be too much to handle and as a result they may mess up on the dr iver’s license test.There are some simple driver’s license test tips that anyone can follow,to be assured of passing the test and getting their driver’s license.
C.The most important of all the tips for passing your driver’s license test is to be prepared.This can only be achieved by you through hours and hours of sincere and diligent practice.If you are not sufficie ntly prepared for your driver’s license test，all the driver’s license tips for passing your driver’slicens e test will be utterly pointless and redundant.You can read as many drivers’license test tips as you want，but if you are not practicing enough，then all these driving test tips will be in vain.Enroll ing yourself in driving schools is advisable for this purpose.
D.Now，if you’re wondering how to prepare for your driving test，the first thing you need to know is w
hat the driving test instructors and officials are going to be looking for.The following are the qualiti es that the instructors will be on the lookout for and also the parameters that the scoring will be conduct ed on.
E)Starting the vehicle：The instructor will be observing you right from the time you start the vehicle.
He will note if you tum your head to look back and if you follow all the safety regulations that are required to be followed while starting a vehicle.Here are some tips on learning to drive a car.
F)Control of the vehicle：He will pay close attention to how much control you actually have over th e vehicle.Your abilities with the gas pedal，the brake，the steering wheel and other controls will be scruti nized.
G)Steering：Not many road test tips stress on the importance of steering.This quality is closely ana.
lyzed by the instructor and obviously if your steering is wayward(任性的)，the chances of passing the driver’s license test are very slim.
H)Driving in traffic：Keeping calm and avoiding panic attacks while driving in traffic is of utmost i mportance.Many people get extremely stressed and nervous，when they are in the midst of traffic and
one of the very crucial tips to pass road test for driver’s license is to stay calm and composed when drivin g in traffic.Also read more on road safety and car safety.
I)Traffic signs and lane discipline：This is another area that the instructors will be rating you on.You r ability to observe lane discipline and your recognition of the various traffic signs plays a major role in your passing the test.Keep these driver’s license test tips in mind to pass the test in your veryfirst attem pt.
J)Stopping：Stopping the car smoothly and at the right place is a critical skill to have.When the in.s tructor asks you to stop the car，the timing，the positioning and the technique of doing so are important driving test tips to bear in mind.
K)Backing up and distance judgment：Your backing up skills and your ability to judge the distances
between your vehicle and other entities will also be carefully scrutinized.If you cannot back up your vehicle satisfactorily,parking would be very troublesome for you and a major source of hazard to you an d to others around you.
今年英语四级考试时间L)Hill parking：One of the essential tips for passing your driver’s license test is to master the art o f hill
parking.This is not as easy as it seems and can become a major source of anxiety in a driver.If yo u can display good skills at hill parking，it proves that you have developed good control over the vehicle.
M)Arm signals and driving etiquette：Another aspect that you will be judged on is your efficiency at giving the right arm signals at the right time.Your respect for other drivers on the road and the amount o f courtesy you show them also plays a part in your final rating on the driver’s license test.
Read more about defensive driving techniques and tips and defensive driving courses.
N)Drivers who are well aware and informed about all the rules and regulations that need to be follo wed have a beRer chance of clearing their driver’s license test.The primary goal of these driver，slicens e test tips is to instill(慢慢灌输)a responsible and mature frame of mind in every individ.
ual.These road test tips will be pointless unless you develop a calm demeanor and tmless you are aw are of all the rules that must be followed while driving.
O)Here are a few more basic drivers’license test tips that you should keep in mind when vou，re l eaming how to prepare for your driving test.Always use the restroom before your test begins.Not doing s o will cause more anxiety during the test.Memorize all the traffic signs and their significance well in a
dv ance before the test.Use your rear view mirrors efficiently and regularly.Ensure that you are well on time for your test and are carrying all the required documents and paperwork.Get adequate sleep the previous night and do not give the test with an empty stomach.Stick to the permitted speed limit.Do not drive to o fast and do not drive too slow either.
P)Passing a driver’s license test is not simple and unless you are well versed in driver education.Yo u could face a lot of difficulties.At the end of the day,remember that the instructors also want you to pas s the test，so do your best to stay calm and composed and believe in your ability to pass the test.
This cannot be reinstated enough，but the key to passing your driver’s license test is practice.
46.According to this article，the importance of steering is emphasized by not many road test tips.
47.Your timing，positioning and technique should be considered by yourself when you stoD your test car.
48.Some people may fail their driver’s license tests because they have too much stress.
49.Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easV.
50.The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature frame of mind in yo u.
51.In order to pass your driver’s u should practice.
52.Your driver’s license test begins in practice when you start your test car.
53.During the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.
54.You should sleep adequately the night before your test.
55.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.
48.Some people may fail their driver’S license tests because they have too much stress.
有些人可能没有通过驾照考试，是因为压力太大。
【解析】B)。细节题。根据句中的fail their driver’S license tests可将答案定位于文章B)段第三句话，有些人可能没有通过驾照考试，是因为压力太大。
49.Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easy.
作为对你在驾照考试中的一个重要建议，斜坡停车看起来很简单。
【解析】L)。细节题。根据句中hillparkin9可将答案定位于L)段第二句话，通过驾照考试的一个必要提示就是要掌握斜坡停车的技巧。这并不像看起来那么简单，可能会成为驾驶中一件非常令人忧心的事。
50.The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature flame of mind in yo u.
文中指导的主要目的是将负责、成熟的心境慢慢灌输给你。
【解析】N)。细节题。根据句中primarily aimed at可将答案定位于N)段第二句话，flame ofmind为“心绪，心境，心情”，驾照考试指南的首要目标是将负责、成熟的心境慢慢灌输给每一个人。
51.In order to pass your driver’S u should practice.
为了通过驾照考试，你应该进行练习。
【解析】C)。细节题。根据句中的practice可将答案定位于文章C)段第一句话，在所有的通过驾照考试的建议中，最重要的是考试准备。这只能通过一小时接一小时的认真和勤奋的练习才能够实现。
52.Your driver’S license test begins in practice when you start your test car.
当你发动了考试车时，实际上你的驾照考试就开始了。
【解析】E)。推理题。根据句中begin可将答案定位于E)段第一句话，文中提到从你启动车子的那一刻起，教练就开始观察你了。
53.During the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.
在准备的过程中，有一些最基本的建议应该记在脑子里。
【解析】O)。根据句中a fewmorebasic tips可将答案定位于O)段，keep inmind为固定搭配，指“牢记”。
这里有一些更加基本的驾照考试建议，在学习如何准备驾驶考试时，你应该牢记于心。
54.You should sleep adequately the night before your test.
在考前那个晚上你应该睡眠充足。
【解析】O)。根据句中sleep可将答案定位于O)段，文中使用的是adequate sleep，这里用的是副词形式。
前一晚保证充足的睡眠，而且不要空着肚子去参加考试。
55.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.
如果你不精通驾驶教育，你会面临很多困难。
【解析】P)。根据句中driver education和a lot of difficulties可将答案定位于本文P)段第一句话。Be Versedin指“精通于”。想通过驾照考试并不简单，除非你很精通驾驶教育，否则你会面临许多困难。
Section B
Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each s tatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the inform ation is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Ans wer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.
How to Use a Library
A)You’re driving your car home from work or sch001.And something goes wron9.The engine stalls out at lights，holds back as you go to pass.It needs a tune up and soon.Where do you go?The library.Y ou can take out an auto repair manual that tells step by step how to tune up your make and model.Or y
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