专业英语四级(词汇突破)历年真题试卷汇编4 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有:    4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
PART IV    GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY  (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. An______degree was conferred on the distinguished professor. (1995年考试真题)
A.honest
B.honoured
C.honorary
D.honorific
正确答案:C
解析:honest意为“诚实的”;honored意为“受尊敬的”;honorary意为“荣誉的”;honorific意为“尊敬的,表示敬意的”。根据句意,C为答案。 
2. Try not to say anything hurtful to her. She is a very ______ person.(1994年考试真题)
A.sensible
B.sensitive
C.tough
D.reasonable
正确答案:B
解析:sensitive意为“敏感的,易受伤害的”;sensible意为“明智的”;tough意为“坚强的”;reasonable意为“合理的”。根据句意,B为答案。 
3. The house that we used to live in is in a very______state. (1993年考试真题)
A.neglectful
B.negligible
C.neglected
D.negligent
正确答案:C
解析:A项通常是neglectful of sth.意为“疏忽的,不注意的”;negligible意为“可忽略的,微不足道的”;neglected意为“被忽视的,未被好好看管的”;negligent意为“疏忽的,粗心大意的”。根据句意,C为答案。 
4. We are all astonished to learn that the apparently ______ professor was really a spy. (1993年考试真题)
A.respectful
B.respective
C.respectable
D.respected
正确答案:C
解析:respectable意为“值得尊敬的,人格高尚的”,C符合句意。respectful意为“毕恭毕敬的,对他人表示尊敬的”;respective意为“分别的,各自的”;respected意为“受尊敬的”,如:respected Mr.President(尊敬的总统先生)。 
5. On the desert travelers often see______rivers and lakes. (1993年考试真题)
A.imagining
B.imaginative
C.imaginable
D.imaginary
正确答案:D
解析:A项不是形容词,故不合适;imaginative意为“富有想象力的”,如an imaginative man(富有想象力的人);imaginable意为“可以想象得到的”;imaginary意为“想象中的,非真实的”,如:an imaginary man(想象中的人)。根据句意,D为答案。 
6. Following the elections, a completely new situation is likely to ______.(1992年考试真题)
A.arouse
B.arise
C.raise
D.rise
正确答案:B
解析:amuse意为“唤醒,唤起”;arise意为“活动,情况等的出现”;raise意为“举起,使起来”;rise意为“起立、升起”。根据句意,B为答案。 
7. I couldnt sleep because the tap in the bathroom was______. (1992年考试真题)
A.draining
B.dropping
C.spilling
D.dripping
正确答案:D
解析:draining意为“排水,流干”;dropping意为“使落下”;spilling意为“溅出,溢”;dripping意为“漏水,滴水”。根据句意,D为答案。 
8. She must have been pretty______to fall for such an old trick. (2011年考试真题)
A.interested
B.gullible
C.enthusiastic
D.shrewd
正确答案:B
解析:interested意为“感兴趣的”;gullible意为“易受骗的,轻信的”;enthusiastic意为“热情的”;shrewd意为“精明的”。根据句意“这么老的把戏她也信”,B为答案。题干中fall for为固定搭配,意为“受骗,上当”。 
9. As there was no road, the traveler______ up a rocky slope on their way back. (2010年考试真题)
A.ran
B.hurried
C.scrambled
D.crawled
正确答案:C
解析:run“奔跑”,hurry“匆忙”,crawl“匍匐前进,爬行”,均不符合句意;scramble意为“爬行,攀岩,攀爬”,题干中出现了slope(斜面,坡度),故选C。 
10. Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained ______. (2010年考试真题)
A.motionless
B.inactive
C.stagnant
D.immobile
正确答案:C
解析:motionless意为“静止不动的”;inactive与motionless是近义词,意为“(身体上,精神上)静止的,不动的”;stagnant意为“不流动的,停滞的,不景气的”;immobile意为“固定的,稳定的,不动的”。只有C符合句意。 
11. After working for the firm for ten years, he finally______the rank of deputy director. (2009年考试真题)
A.achieved
B.approached
C.attained
D.acquired
正确答案:C
解析:achieve,attain和acquire都有“获得,完成”的意思。所不同的是,attain常指经过长时间的尝试后才成功达到目的,本句中给出了After working for the firm for ten years,这符合attain的使用语境,故C为答案。而achieve强调通过努力而达到目的;acquire是指“得到,获得”;approach意为“靠近,接近”。 
英语四级词汇word版12. The young employee has a (n) ______ quality—he is totally honest.(2009年考试真题)
A.respectable
B.admirable
C.decent
D.approachable
正确答案:C
解析:decent在口语中,意为“相当好的”,可用于指人的德行好,这与honest属于同一语境,
符合语境,故C为答案。respectable意为“值得尊敬的”,admirable意为“令人赞赏的,令人钦佩的”,虽然respectable和admirable都是褒义词,但均带有仰视的含义,而本题提及的是一个young employee,两个词的语体彩不符合语境;approachable意为“平易近人的,随和的”,这里approachable与honest无关,排除。 
13. We all know that Mary has had a strict______. (2009年考试真题)
A.growth
B.upbringing
C.development
D.cultivation
正确答案:B
解析:growth意为“生长,增长”;upbringing意为“教养,抚养,家教”;development意为“发展”;cultivation意为“教化”,指通过教育、培训逐渐适应社会,成为社会人。只有B符合题意。
 
14. Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n) ______of learning. (2008年考试真题)
A.design
B.instrument
C.agency
D.tool
正确答案:B
解析:tool既可指抽象的工具,例如:Words are the tools of his trade.言语是他那一行必不可少的工具。也可以指实物,例如:carpenters tool(木匠工具)。instrument既可指专业人员,如医生和牙医,使用的要求极高精度的仪器,如听诊器或超声波钻等,还可以指用来达到某个结果的东西和人,是抽象的手段、方式等。句意是把戏剧作为教学手段,而非具体的
工具,故选择instrument。design意为“设计”;agency意为“代理”,与语境无关。 
15. The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the ______ cause of the tides. (2008年考试真题)
A.principal
B.basic
C.initial
D.elementary
正确答案:A
解析:principal意为“主要的”,例如:My wages are the principal souse of my income.薪金是我收入的主要来源。正是月亮的运转引起涨潮和退潮,故A符合句意。basic意为“基础的”;initial意为“最初的”;elementary意为“基本的”,这三个词都没有体现出潮汐出现的主因是月亮运转这层含义,不符合常识,排除。