1. cash
2. 4 days
3. caravan
4. sailing
5. museum
6. White Mountain
7. snow boarding
8. cakes
9. car
10. map
Section 2:
11. 134
12. annual report
13. trade journals
14. a bkkoshop
15. 1.95 pounds
16. 4 weeks
17. 12
18. 6
19. Electric Card
20. Tuesday Friday
Section 3:
21. B. the selective course will be full very soon
22. C. the mathematics
23. A. useful
24. A. to consult of the students about the teaching quality
25. C. variable
26. A. how they have to register the course
27. E
28. D
29. A
30. C
Section 4:
雅思报名入口202331. C. surprising
32. C. they do not provide real language
33. B. lack of reasoning ability and don’t know the next idea
34. A. thinking based on experience
35. A. smell
36. land marks
37. human
38. good eyesight
39. machines or robots
40. they do well
大陆卷阅读
P1：新型超市
The Innovation of Grocery Stores
A At the beginning of the 20th century,grocery stores in the United States were full-service.A customer would ask a clerk behind the counter for specific itemand the clerk would package the items, which werelimited to dry goods. If they want to save some time, they have to ask adelivery boy or by themselves to send the note of what they want to buy to the grocery story first and then goto pay for the goods later. Thesegrocery stores usually carried only one brand of each good. There were earlychain stores, such as the AP Stores, but these were all entirelyfull-service and very time-consuming.
B In 1885, a Virginia boy named Clarence Saunders began working part-time as aclerk in a grocery store when he was 14 years old, and quit school when theshopkeeper offered him Ml time work with room and board. Later he worked in anAlabama coke plant and in a Tennessee sawmill before he returned to the grocerybusiness. By 1900, when he was nineteen years old, he
was earning $30 a monthas a salesman for a wholesale grocer. During his years working in the grocery stores, he found that it was very inconvenient and inefficient forpeople to buy things because more than a century ago, long before there werecomputers, shopping was done quite differently than it is today. Entering astore, the customer would approach the counter (or wait for a clerk to becomeavailable) and place an order, either verbally or, as was often the case forboys running errands, in the form of a note or list. While the customer waited,the clerk would move behind the counter and throughout the store, select theitems
on the list—some form shelves so high that long-handledgrasping device
had to be used—and bring them back to the counter to be tallied and baggedor boxed. The process might beexpedited by the customer calling or sending
in the order beforehand, or by the order being handled by a delivery boy on abike, but otherwise it did not vary greatly. Saunders, a flamboyant andinnovative man, noticed that this method resulted in wasted time and expense,so he came up with an unheard-of solution that would revolutionize the entiregrocery industry: he developed a way for shoppers to
serve themselves.
C So in 1902 he moved to Memphis where he developed his concept to form agrocery wholesale cooperative and a full-service grocery store. For his new“cafeteria grocery”, Saunders divided his grocery into three distinct areas:
1) A front “lobby” forming an entrance and exit and checkouts at the front.
2) A sales department, which was specially designed to allow customers to roamthe aisles and select their own groceries. Removing unnecessary clerks,creating elaborate aisle displays, and rearranging the store to force customersto view all of the merchandise and over the shelving and cabinets units ofsales department were “galleries” where supervisors were allowed to keep an eyeon the customers while not disturbing them. 3) And another section of his storeis the room only allowed for the clerks which was called the “stockroom” or“storage room” where large refrigerators were situated to keep fresh productsfrom being perishable. The new format allowed multiple customers to shop at thesame time, and led to the previously unknown phenomenon of impulse shopping.Though this format of grocery market was drastically different from itscompetitors, the style became the standard for the modern
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