话题十四　社会热点(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2019·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测]Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.
The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee (WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site's buffer zone, the one t
hat lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产). As a result of the Committee's concerns, Vienna changed its building modes and launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.
The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.
The Recommendation put forwards an all­round and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development. The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into t
he historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.
1．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in Paragraph 1?
A．To explain the goal of the organization.
B．To encourage the public to protect the world.
C．To show the positive effect of conservation.
D．To remind people of the environmental problems.
2．Why was WHC worried about the Wien Mitte project?
A．It took up too much public land of the city.
高考一分一段2021年B．It had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna.
C．Its original designs were not environmentally friendly.
D．Its architectural solutions couldn't meet safety standards.
3．What did the global discussion focus on?
A．The ways to combine conservation and development.
B．The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation.
C．The international urban management and development.
D．The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna.
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners.
B．To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment.
C．To stress the importance of the value of history and memory.
D．To promote active conservation and sustainable development.
B
[2020·武昌区高三元月调研]Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers. Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层)．” That's according to John Marston, an archaeologist.
The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren't for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.
Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth's ma
keup. Most plastics don't easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn't an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.
According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it's possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world's oceans than fishes.