英语（二）真题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
It's not difficult to set targets for staff.It is much harder1to understand their negative consequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiple
components2one and the others become distorted.
Travel on a London bus and you'll3see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their t
ickets.Are they carefully inspected?Never.Do people get on without paying?Of course!Are there inspectors to4that people have paid?Possibly,but very few.And people who run for the bus?They are5:How about jumping lights?Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
Why?Because the target is6People complained that buses were late and infrequent7,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased,and drivers were8or punished according to the time they took.And drivers hit these targets.But they9hit cyclists.If the target was changed
to10you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the
criteria on changed to safety,you would get more
11drivers who obeyed
traffic laws.But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.
There is another 12
:people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you 13that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still
arrive on time?Tailwinds?Of course not!Airlines have simply changed the time
2021英语二答案a
14is meant to take.A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.The
15
of the story is simple.Most jobs are multidimensional,with
multiple criteria.Choose one criterion and you may well 16others.Everything can be done faster and made cheaper,but there is a 17
.Setting targets can and
does have unforeseen negative consequences.
This is not an argument against target-setting.But it is an argument for exploring consequences first.All good targets should have multiple criteria
18
critical factors such as time,money,quality and customer
feedback.The trick is not only to
19
Section II Reading Comprehension
[D]explain [D]nearly [D]innovation
[D]So [D]hired
reported tri form [D]interpret [D]task
[D]leading to
[D]create [D]modify
[C][C]emphasize
[C]eagerly [C]recall [C]Still [C]grouped [C]suspicious
[C]security
[C]set aside
[C]policy [C]admitted
[C]transfer [C]style [C]tolerate for
[C]present
[B]again [B]prove [B]mocked [B]efficiency [B]quiet [B]departure
[B]background
[B]calling for 5.[A]threatened
6.[A]hospitality
9.[A]rather 12.[A]purpose
13.[A]revealed 14.[A]break 17.[A]secret
18.[A]relating to
19.[A]
predict 20.[A]review
just one or even two dimensions of the objective,but also to understand how to help people
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)
Text1
"Reskilling"is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly,as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average42percent of the "core skills"within job roles will change by2022.That is a very short timeline.
The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one.For individual companies,the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company
that decided to do massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy.Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans.When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy,though,the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best,and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers,even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.
With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed.In February,at3.5United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere.As of May,those rates had spiked up to13.3per cent and13.7per cent,and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so.In the medical field,to take an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors,nurses and other medical personnel.
Of course,it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks.But even if you cannot close that gap,may be you can close others,and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned.That seems to be the case in Sweden:When forced to furlough90percent of their cabin staff,Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff.The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.
21.Research by the World Economic forum suggests________.
B ．an increase in full-time employment
C ．a steady growth of job opportunities
D ．a controversy about the "core skills"22.AT&T is cited to show________.A ．the characteristics of reskilling programs B ．the importance of staff appraisal standards
25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to __________.A ．create jobs vacancies for the unemployed Text2
With the global population predicted to hit close to 10billion by 2050,and forecasts that agricultural production in,some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace,food security is increasingly making headlines.In the UK,it has become a big talking point recently too,for rather particular reason:Brexit.
Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing
B ．have driven up labour costs
C ．have proved to be inconsistent
D ．have met with fierce opposition
24.We can learn from Paragraph 3that there was__________.A ．a sign of economic recovery B ．a call for policy adjustment C ．prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs
D ．finance their staff's cpllege education
_________.
food.The country produces only about 60percent of the food it eats,down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s.A move back to self-sufficiency,the argument goes,would boost the farming industry,political sovereignty and even the nation’s health.Sounds great—but bow feasible is this vision?
According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds,UK,85per cent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production.That supplies 80per cent of what is consumed,so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn't allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.
There are many caveats to those figures,but they are still grave.To become much more self-sufficient,the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods,and probably also farm more intensively—meaning fewer green fields,and more factory-style production.
But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn't help.There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry:most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis.Just 25percent of the county's land is suitable for crop-growing,most of which is already occupied by arable fields.Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg—w
hich would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30percent boost in crop production.
Just 23percent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown,so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30percent of our fresh produce needs.That is before we look for the space to grow the grains,sugars,seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.
26.Some people argue that food self-sufficient in UK would__________.A ．be hindered by its population ground B ．become a priority of government C ．pose a challenge to its farming industry 27.The report by the university of Leeds shows that in the UK______.A ．farmland has been inefficiently
utilized
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