2019 考研英语二阅读理解真题
今天为大家提供    2019 考研英语二阅读理解真题， 考研英语阅读
理解分为四部分，一起来看看吧！希望这些题目都难不倒你！
Text1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a
child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children
aren't    born knowing how to say "I'm    sorry ”; rather,    they  learn
over time that such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally
regard  so-called    moral guilt,    in  the right    amount, to be a good
thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply unfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve," says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a
larger recognition    2020年考研英语二真题及答案that    emotions  aren't    binary -feelings that
may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.
Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us

to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be
destructive.
And
guilt,
by prompting
us to  think
more deeply  about our
goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix
relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a
cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed
in
this  light,  guilt  is an opportunity.  Work by Tina
Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,
suggests that guilt may pensate for an emotional deficiency.
In a number of studies,
Malti
and others
have shown that
guilt
and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation
and sharing Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for
that shorfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in
their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can
substitute for low guilt.
In a xx study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children
Using caregiver assessments and the children's
self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy
level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after
moral transgressions.
Then the kids were handed chocolate
coins,
and given
a chance to
shared them with  an anonymous child.
For
the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn

on how inclined    they  were to  feel    guilty.    The guilt-prone
shared more, even though they hadn't magically bee more
sympathetic to the other child's deprivation
" That's good news, " Malti says. " We can be prosocial

ones