高考英语备考—短文改错的解题技巧
解题点拨
考点1名词和冠词
[例1][2021·全国卷乙]I love doing housework.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：我喜欢做家务活。饭后，我总是帮助父母洗碗。
(2)根据语法知识分析：名词单复数误用。短语do the dishes意为“洗碗”。
[例2][2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假了。
(2)根据语法知识分析：summer vacation“暑假”，是单数概念。
例1答案：dish→dishes
例2答案：vacations→vacation
【过关检测】
1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]Any creative ideas which is about school life is warmly welcomed.________________
2．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families. ________________
3．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.________________ 4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]When I was little，Friday's night was our family game night.________________
5．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]For example,every morning,my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.________________
6．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style._____________
___ 7．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.________________
8．[2021·江西省质量监测]Only by tasting failure can we enjoy fruit of success.________________
1．ideas→idea  2.families→family
3．city→cities  4.Friday's→Friday
5．the→a  6.an→a
7．第一个a→joy后加the
【技法点金】
(1)单个名词和不可数的名词要用单数。
(2)多个可数的名词要用复数。
advice，news，information，progress，work，fun，weather，music，health，luck。
(1)冠词后常用名词。
(2)介词后常用名词。
(3)形容词性物主代词后常用名词。
(1)a和an，表达数量或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
(2)若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况，前面要加the。
(3)若某名词是复数、专有名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状)，前面不适合加冠词，应把该位置空下来，形成“零冠词”。
(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。
考点2介词和数词
[例1][2021·全国卷乙]In my opinion，students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：在我看来，学生做一些家务可以受益很多。
(2)考查介词的缺失。benefit from/by doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“得益于(做)某事”。
[例2][2020·全国卷Ⅱ]I'm glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：我很高兴知道你已经来到中国，在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。安徽高考时间2020具体时间
(2)搭配识记：come to＋地点名词，表示“来到某地”。
例1答案：benefit后加from/by
例2答案：come后加to
【过关检测】
1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]You can also choose to make changes in famous dramas to enter into the competition.________________
2．[2021·新乡市第三次模拟]There I found many people waiting their orders to be checked out.________________
3．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.________________
4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes.________________
5．[2021·太原一模]After graduating from high school，I'm going to be a computer programmer，which I think is on great demand in the modern world.________________
6．[2021·吉林市第三次调研]Without hesitation，I，under the help of Tom and Mary，carried her on my back to the clinic.________________
7．[2021·河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟]I remember clearly that when I was on my eighteen birthday,my father gave me a present—a picture book.________________
8．[2021·赣州市模拟]In order to celebrate the eighty anniversary of the founding of our school,a big celebration was held in our school last Sunday.________________
1．去掉into  2.waiting后加for
3．在high前面加in/at  4.for→with
5．on→in  6.under→with
7．eighteen→eighteenth8.eighty→eightieth
【技法点金】
①不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。
②作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动词的地点、工具
等，不定式后要有相应的介词。
①及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。
②this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词。
in,on,at的区别：表示时间时，in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)，on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示具体的时刻。
“只描述数量多少的”用基数词；“强调顺序性，作第几”讲的时候用序数词。
表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in one's＋逢十的基数词复数”；表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the＋逢十的基数
词复数”。
考点3谓语动词误用
[例1][2021·全国卷乙]Also，it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：此外，这给了父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，这改善了家庭关系。
(2)谓语动词的误用。分析句子结构可知，what引导宾语从句，句中的like作动词，意为“喜欢”，故are多余。
[例2][2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Actually,I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old,but I have long been out of practice.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：实际上，我从七岁就开始学功夫了，但我已经很长时间没练习了。
(2)根据分析可知，本句考查谓语动词时态错误。由“when I was seven years old”可确定该句谓语动词应该为一般过去时态。
例1答案：去掉are
例2答案：start→started
【过关检测】
1．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]John went shopping in a store,but he forgot to bring a bag.So he buys a shopping bag.________________
2．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]However,one day,I forget to wear one when I was heading for a vital exam.________________
3．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]It not only brings us pleasure but reduce waste around us.________________
4．[2021·江西省高三教学质量监测]We have both achieved success and suffer from failure,but different students has different attitudes towards failure.________________
5．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]There is another thing that should be keep in mind.________________
6．[2021·马鞍山第三次监测]After getting our tools,we were dividing into different teams.________________
7．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]An English drama competition would be held in the school art hall next Friday.________________
8．[2021·九江市二模]Usually,sitting around the table,all members of a family has meals together at meal time.________________
1．buys→bought  2.forget→forgot
3．reduce→reduces  4.suffer→suffered has→have
5．keep→kept  6.dividing→divided
7．would→will8.has→have
【技法点金】
文章前后是现在式但却用了过去式，或前后都是过去式却用了现在式，导致时态不一致。