语法图解
探究发现
①Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
②As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.
③Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
④However, he doesn’t care about being famous.
⑤He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mahjong, swimming and reading.
⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
⑦Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.
⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
⑨Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry.
⑩It is no use arguing with him about such a matter.
[我的发现]
(1)以上动名词短语安徽高考时间2020具体时间(加黑部分)在句中作主语的是①⑥⑦⑨⑩；作动词宾语的是⑤；作介词(短语)宾语的是②③④⑧。
(2)⑨句中为动名词的复合结构作主语。
(3)⑩句中it作形式主语。
概念：动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词ing形式的时态和语态：
语态 时态 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
一般式 | doing | being done |
完成式 | having done | having been done |
动词ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
一、动词ing形式作主语
1．动词ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
[名师点津] (1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
To lie to her is wrong.
对她撒谎不对。
(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.
对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
[即时演练1] 补全句子
①Playing_with_fire is dangerous.
玩火危险。
②Be careful！To_play_with_fire will be dangerous.
小心点！玩火会带来危险。
③Swimming_is_a_good_sport in summer.
夏天游泳是一项好的体育活动。
2．形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语。
此类句式常见的有：
It’s a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间
It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth. 做某事没用/是值得的
It’s no good/use/fun doing sth. 做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
[即时演练2] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①It is a waste of time trying (try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games.
②It is worthwhile reading (read) such a wonderful novel.
③(上海高考改编)It’s no use complaining (complain) without taking action.
3．当句型“There is no ...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词ing形式作主语。
There is no denying that the environment is from bad to worse.
不能否认环境状况正在逐步恶化。
There is no joking about such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
[即时演练3] 翻译句子
①不能说出他要做什么。
There_is_no_telling_what_he_is_going_to_do.
②和他不能开玩笑。
There_is_no_joking_with_him.
二、动词ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)
Would you mind opening the window?
你介意打开窗子吗？
I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2．作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
[即时演练4]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2016·浙江高考改编)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working (work) with students.
②I often practise listening (listen) and speaking (speak)．
③The boy was lucky to escape being_punished (punish)．
④We don’t allow diving (dive) in the pool.
(2)补全句子
①It is useful for someone who is trying to give_up_smoking.
这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。
②I have never dreamed_of_visiting_that_place.
我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。
③(陕西高考改编)It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like going_for_a_swim?
今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？
3．在有些动词的后面，如：start, begin, continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。
4．在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
He preferred staying in the house when it rained.
下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.
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