2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
14时态和语态（一）
动词的时态和语态是历年高考考查的重点之一。要学好时态和语态，首先要熟悉各种时态及其被动语态的构成形式；其次要深刻理解各种时态所表达的意义。高考常考的时态及其被动语态见下表：
    语  态
时  态
主 动  语 态
被  动  语  态
一般现在时
do/does
安徽高考时间2020具体时间
am/is/are done
一般过去时
did
was/were done
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
am/is/are being done
过去进行时
was/were doing
was/were being done
现在完成时
have/has done
have/has been done
过去完成时
had done
had been done
一般将来时
will do
will be done
过去将来时
would do
would be done
将来进行时
will be doing
will be being done
将来完成时
will have done
will have been done
现在完成进行时
have/has been doing
have/has been being done
过去完成进行时
had been doing
had been being done
考点一  一般现在时
1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
1. Every December Nobel Prizes ______ to people who have made outstanding contributions to ________ the world．(2014北京)
    A．award            B．are awarded      C．awarded        D．were awarded
【答案】B
【解析】由时间状语Every December可知，应用一般现在时；Nobel Prizes与award是被动关系，故用被动语态。
2. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________ us. (2013湖南)
A. bothers    B. had bothered    C. would bother      D. bothered
【答案】B
【解析】由时间状语every night可知，这里表示经常性的动作，故用一般现在时。
2. 现在的情况或状态
1. People _______ better assess to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result. （2017北京）
A. will have    B. have        C. had      D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】与以前相比较，是指现在的情况，应用一般现在时。
2. Planning so far ahead ______ no sense — so many things will have changed by next year. (2011全国I)
  A. made    B. is making    C. makes    D. has made
【答案】C
【解析】由句意“这么早就制定计划没有意义”可知，这里说的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时。
3. 客观事实或哲理
1. He’s been informed that he _________for the scholarship because of his academic background. (2017江苏)
A. hasn’t qualified  B. hadn’t qualified    C. doesn’t qualify      D. wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】他被告知，由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。这里指客观事实，应用一般现在时。
2. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step             . (2012全国I)
A. has shown  B. is showing  C. shows  D. showed
【答案】C
【解析】解析： 这里是生活哲理，应用一般现在时。
4. 日程安排，时刻表
1. —So what is the procedure? (2013北京)
  —All the applicants ______ before a final decision to be made by the authority.
A. interview    B. are interviewing  C. are interviewed  D. are being interviewed
【答案】C
【解析】这里指日程安排，应用一般现在时；applicants与interview是被动关系，应用被动语态。
2. A Midsummer Night's Dream ______ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. (2013重庆)
A. opens      B. is opened    C. will open      D. will be opened
【答案】A
【解析】open表示“开放”，是非延续性动词，不用被动语态；这里指剧院的日常安排，应用一般现在时。
5. 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来
1. You’d better write down her phone number before you _______ it. (2014重庆)
  A. forget  B. are forgetting    C. forgot    D. will forget
【答案】A
【解析】before引导时间状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来。
2. If we ______ now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it. (2013全国I)
A. hadn't acted    B. haven't acted    C. don't act    D. won't act
【答案】C
【解析】if引导条件状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来。
考点二  一般过去时
1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与过去的具体时间状语连用。
1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? （2018北京）
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start                B. have started            C. started        D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】由时间状语on Monday可知，是从过去的这个周一开始的，应用一般过去时。
2. —_______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? (2017北京)
—Yes, they are happy with it.
A. Did you call  B. Have you called  C. Will you call  D. Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】由时间状语yesterday可知，应用一般过去时。
3. I’m calling about the apartment you ____ the other day. Could you tell me more about it? (2013安徽)
A. advertised    B. had advertised  C. are advertising    D. will advertise
【答案】A
【解析】由时间状语yesterday可知，应用一般过去时。
2. 过去某一段时间反复发生的动作或存在的状态
— You speak very good French!
— Thanks. I __________ French in Sichuan University for four years. (2009四川)
A. studied        B. study          C. was studying        D. had studied
【答案】A
【解析】由句意可知，曾在四川大学学过四年法语。指过去一段时间反复发生的动作，用一般过去时。 
3. 文中隐含过去的时间或含有时间对比。
1. The real reason why prices _____, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion
can satisfactorily explain this problem. (2015江苏)
    A. were                B. will be                C. have been            D. had been
【答案】A
【解析】由and still are可知，这里是与过去相比较，故用一般过去时。
2. —That must have been a long trip.
  —Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there.                          (2011北京)
  A. takes    B. has taken      C. took      D. was taken
【答案】C
【解析】must have been表示对过去发生的事情的推测，所以这里谈论的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。