考研英语二阅读讲义
导学
考研阅读概述
一、考查形式
1.2002年为分水岭
2002年前为4题/篇，5篇文章，共计20题，单题2分，共计40分。
2002年后为5题/篇，4篇文章，共计20题，单题2分，共计40分。
2.近十年阅读真题总长度1500词，单篇长度400词。
3.建议做题时间18-20分钟/篇。
二、考查题材及来源
1.考查题材
政治经济、社会生活、商业经济、政治法律
环境保护、文化教育、科普知识
2.文章来源
西方主流报刊、杂志
The Guardian，The Washington Post，The Economist，Nature
三、考研大纲对阅读能力的要求（英语一&英语二）
理解主旨要义（主旨要义题）
理解文章的具体信息（细节题）
理解文中概念性的含义
进行有关的判断推理和引申（推理引申题）
根据上下文推测生词词义（语义理解题）
理解文章的总体结构以及上下文的关系
理解作者的意图，观点和态度（观点态度题）
区分论点和论据（篇章结构题）
考研阅读题型
1、细节题
2、主旨要义题
3、篇章结构题（例证题&文章续写题）
4、观点态度题（观点题和态度题）
5、语义理解题（词汇题、指代题、句子理解题）
6、推理引申题
阅读学习阶段
第一阶段
原文
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability,and appropriateness of the information.
你眼里的文章
How well the騳will be纛by later乧r??7n?depends upon the菄躞tXF;and驌of the杌l\?$.第二阶段
句子都能读懂，但文章串不起来
第三阶段
我看懂了，就是做不对题。
两种可能：
--首先你没有完全看懂。
--题干和选项是否真的读懂
考研阅读复习规划
基础阶段（1-6月）
总体目标：2010-2019年真题第一轮
复习重点：词汇、语法、长难句、解题思路
强化阶段（7-11月）
总体目标：2010-2019年真题第二轮
复习重点：题型、解题技巧
冲刺阶段（12月）
总体目标：2010-2020年真题第三轮
复习重点：模考2020、错题分析
考研阅读做题步骤
1.阅读题干，把题干里面的关键词划出来，并初步预测文章内容
关键词：1）专有名词、数词、连字符词
2）动宾结构
3）主语或其他
2.阅读文章，划出与题干关键信息相对应的地方，划出常出题的地方
常出题的地方：首段及其余各段首尾及转折处
两大定位法则：1）关键词定位
2）顺序定位
3.解题---排除法：对比选项，选最佳答案
1.阅读题干，把题干里面的关键词划出来，并初步预测文章内容
例一：2016-3
31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with
32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company
33.The expression"more lenient"(Line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to
34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company's CSR record被员工告到劳动局后果
长沙中公教育电话35.Which of the following is true of CSR,according to the last paragraph?
33.The expression"more lenient"(Line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to
[A]more effective.
[B]less controversial.
[C]less severe.
[D]more lasting.
原文
ⅣThe study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
例二：2017-3
31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.
32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.
33.The word"acclimation"(Line8,Para.3)is closest in meaning to_____.
河北高考查分网站登录34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.
35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.
[A]In Favor of the Gap Year
[B]The ABCs of the Gap Year
[C]The Gap Year Comes Back
[D]The Gap Year:A Dilemma
2.阅读文章，划出与题干关键信息相对应的地方，划出常出题的地方
例：【2011-4】
36.The EU is faced with so many problems that______.
[A]it has more or less lost faith in markets
[B]even its supporters begin to feel concerned
[C]some of its member countries plan to abandon euro
[D]it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation
Ⅰ①Will the European Union make it?②The question would have sounded strange not long ago.③Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.
Ⅱ①As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,the16 countries that use the single currency.②Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger,will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.
细节题
【大纲要求】
理解文中的具体信息。
贵阳人力资源网163【题型界定】
该题型针对文中某处事实或细节提问。
细节题针对文中某一细节提问，而且提问的往往是文中表层意思，因此该题型的解题关键在于定位。
1.阅读题干，把题干里面的关键词划出来，并初步预测文章内容
关键词：1）专有名词、数词、连字符词
2）动宾结构
3）主语或其他
2.阅读文章，划出与题干关键信息相对应的地方，划出常出题的地方
常出题的地方：首段及其余各段首尾及转折处
两大定位法则：1）关键词定位
2）顺序定位
3.解题---排除法：对比选项，选最佳答案
正确答案的特征：
(1)答案要与题干相结合，题干+题支的正确才是最后的正确
(2)正确答案是对原文的同义改写
(3)若出现两正确答案，考虑程度与范围的差异
程度：往往表述委婉、留有余地、不确定的选项为最佳
范围：范围大者为最佳
例题一
【2010-4】
例：37.The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to1968showed_______.
［A］the inadequacy of anti-discrimination laws
四级分值明细2022［B］the prevalent discrimination against certain races
［C］the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures
［D］the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges
原文
①But as recently as in1968,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.
②In some states,for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character.③Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the1880case of Strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other anti-discrimination laws.
例题二
【2010-4】
39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed,_______.
［A］sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
［B］educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors
［C］jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community
［D］states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system
原文：①In1968,the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.②This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.③In the landmark1975decision Taylor v.Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level.④The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
例题三
【2012-1】
21.It is implied in paragraph1that nowadays homework_________.
[A]is receiving more criticism
[B]is gaining more preferences
[C]is no longer an educational ritual
[D]is not required for advanced courses
原文：①Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.
例题四
【2015-1】
23.The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that_____.
[A]their home is also a place for kicking back
[B]they are both bread winners and housewives
[C]there is often much housework left behind
[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office
原文：
①What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.②For many men,the end of the w
orkday is a time to kick back.③For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.④And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.⑤With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
常考点总结
山东高校人才招聘网常考点一长难句处
【2011-1】
23.According to the researchers from Ohio University,after an outside director’s surprise departure,the firm is likely to____.
[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings
[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits
原文：①The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than10,000 firms and more than64,000different directors between1989and2004.②Then they simply checked which dir
ectors stayed from one proxy statement to the next.③The most likely reason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of70.④They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%.⑤The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.⑥The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.⑦Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.⑧Often they“trade up,”leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.
阅读长难句处理规则
1.拆分---断开句子长句变短
断句点：连词，引导词，介词，非谓语动词，标点符号
2.翻译---短句各自翻译
以每两道竖线之间的小结构为单位，写下汉字。
3.连接---连接各个短句构建句内逻辑
把每两个小节连接为通顺的句子，这时候需要把一些不通顺的词语替换掉，或者适当调整顺序。
【2012-4】
39.The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite