河南省濮阳市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末学业质量监测
英语试题
一、阅读理解
Here are remarkable scientists who improved our understanding of almost everything around us. Click to learn more about the scientists who, through their contributions and discoveries, changed the world as we know it.
Galileo (1564—1642) Creating one of the first modem telescopes, Galileo completely changed our understanding of the world, successfully proving the Earth circles around the Sun and not the other way around. His work Two New Sciences laid the groundwork for the science of Kinetics and strength of materials.
Sir Isaac Newton (1642—1726) Newton was a polymath who made investigations into a whole range of subjects including mathematics, physics, and astronomy. In his Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, he laid the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining the law of gravity and the laws of motion.
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Darwin developed his theory of evolution against a background of disbelief and skepticism. He collected evidence over 20 years and published his conclusions in On the Origin of Species (1859).
Marie Curie (1867-1934) A Polish physicist and chemist, Curie discovered radiation and helped to apply it in the field of X-ray. She won the Nobel Prize in both Chemistry and Physics.
Albert Einstein (1879—1955) Revolutionized modern physics with his general theory of relativity. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1921) for his discovery of the Photoelectric Effect, which formed the basis of Quantum Theory.
1．Who is the author of Principia Mathematica?
A．Galileo B．Sir Isaac Newton C．Charles Darwin D．Albert Einstein 2．What do Marie Curie and Albert Einstein have in common?
A．They were the greatest chemists.
B．They were the Nobel Prize winners.
C．They had a deep study of physics and astronomy.
D．They laid the foundation for the development of classical medicine.
3．Where can the text be found?
A．In a history book.B．In a novel.C．In an art magazine.D．On a science
website.
【答案】1．B2．B3．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五名科学家的情况以及成就。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sir Isaac Newton (1642—1726) Newton was a polymath who made investigations into a whole range of subjects including mathematics, physics, and astronomy. In his Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, he laid the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining the law of gravity and the laws of motion.(艾萨克·牛顿爵士（1642—1726）是一位博学多才的人，他研究了包括数学、物理和天文学在内的一系列学科。在1687年出版的《数学原理》一书中，他为经典力学奠定了基础，解释了万有引力定律和运动定律)”可知，艾萨克·牛顿爵士是《数学原理》的作者。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“She won the Nobel Prize in both Chemistry and Physics.(她获得了化学和物理学的诺贝尔奖)”以及最后一段中“He won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1921) for his discovery of the Photoelectric Effect, which formed the basis of Quantum Theory.(他因发现光电效应而获得诺贝尔物理学奖（1921年），光电效应奠定了量子理论的基础)”可知，居里夫人和爱因斯坦的共同之处是他们是诺贝尔奖获得者。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Click to learn more about the scientists who, through their contributions and discoveries, changed the world as we know it.(点击了解更多关于科学家
的信息，他们通过他们的贡献和发现，改变了我们所知道的世界)”结合文章主要介绍了五名科学家的情况以及成就。可推知，文章可能在一个科学网站上被到。故选D。
Chen Wei, a high school student, was having dinner when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner, Zhang Tao, was choking on something. He was holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. Chen wasted no time. He rushed to Zhang’s table at once. With the help of Zhang’s friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then, standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again.
濮阳招聘信息最新招聘2022Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse (崩溃) and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick, practical, and easy. It is so
easy, in fact, that almost anyone can lean how.
If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services. Then, make sure the victim is really choking: A choking person cannot speak. Slapping the victim’s back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.
With choking victims, every minute counts. You can’t just sit there and do nothing. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school. Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately. Chen later said about the incident, “How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing? We are all humans, and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare”.
4．What is the Heimlich manoeuvre?
A．An American doctor.B．A choking victim.
C．An emergency situation.D．A first aid method.
5．Why is choking such a serious condition?
A．Millions of people die of it every year.
B．Most of the victims are young children.
C．It is minutes before a victim falls down or dies.
D．There are no effective ways to save victims from it.
6．Which action does the Heimlich manoeuvre NOT include?
A．To make a fist with one hand.
B．To hold the victim’s throat with one hand.
C．To grab your fist with the other hand tightly.
D．To stand behind the victim who is really choking.
7．Which word can describe the quality of Chen Wei?
A．Ambitious.B．Cooperative.
C．Responsible.D．Optimistic.
【答案】4．D5．C6．B7．C
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse (崩溃) and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. (当没有时间等救护车到达，窒息的受害者在晕倒、有时甚至是死亡前，通常只剩大约四分钟的时间。为了解决这个问题，1974年，美国医生Henry Heimlich创造了Heimlich manoe
uvre，挽救了世界各地数千人的生命。)”及最后一段“With choking victims, every minute counts. You can’t just sit there and do nothing. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school. (对于窒息的受害者，每一分钟都很重要。你不能只是坐在那里什么都不做。幸运的是，陈已经在学校学会了如何提供急救。)”可知，Heimlich manoeuvre指的是挽救窒息患者的一种急救方法。故选D 项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse (崩溃) and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. (当没有时间等救护车到达，窒息的受害者在晕倒、有时甚至是死亡前，通常只剩大约四分钟的时间。)”可知，在窒息患者晕倒或死亡前，只有4分钟的短暂时间，情况很严重。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services. Then, make sure the victim is really choking: A choking person cannot speak. Slapping the victim’s back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out. (如果你看到有人要窒息，请先给紧急服务部门打电话。然后，确保受害者真的窒息：窒息的人不能说话。拍打受害者的背部通常会迫使障碍物消失。如果这不起作用，你可以通过站在他身后并将手臂缠绕在他的腰上来执
行Heimlich manoeuvre。用一只手握成拳头，放在肚子的上半部分。用另一只手紧紧抓住你的拳头，一举推入他的肚子。继续执行此操作，直到障碍物被强行拔出。)”可知，Heimlich manoeuvre包括：用一只手握成拳头、用另一只手紧紧抓住你的拳头、站在窒息患者的身后。其中不包括用一只手扼住受害者的喉咙。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Chen later said about the incident, “How could I justify
sitting there and doing nothing? We are all humans, and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare”. (陈后来谈到这件事时说：“我怎么能证明坐在那里、什么也不做是合理的呢？我们都是人，我们都有责任照顾彼此的安全健康。”)”可知，陈对他人的生命安全健康很负责，故选C项。
The tornadoes that recently struck the U.S. are some of the most destructive and deadly in history. The death in Kentucky, the hardest hit state, reached 80 on Monday, with dozens still unaccounted for. The scale of destruction and timing of the tornadoes so late in the year — most tornadoes occur in the spring and summer — is fueling discussion about how climate change may have influenced this deadly disaster.
“In my 40 years as a meteorologist (气象学家), this was one of the most shocking weather events I’ve ever witnessed,” says Jeff Masters, at Yale Climate Connections. “Watching these storms on Frid
ay night, my thought was, ‘Is no season safe?’ Extreme tornadoes in December. That was mind blowing to me.”
Unlike heat waves and floods, the link between a wanning world and tornadoes is complex and uncertain. Scientists have several theories about how tornado behavior may change. Tornadoes in December are possible. But it remains to be seen whether climate change will strengthen or increase the frequency of tornadoes.
According to NOAA’s data, there has been a recorded increase in the number of observed tornadoes since 1950, which experts believe is largely due to better technology such as Doppler radar. There’s been no observed increase in the frequency of major tornadoes over time. For example, 59 of the most severe F5 tornadoes in the U.S. have occurred since 1950. But if the storm that destroyed Kentucky turns out to have been an F5, it will have been the first since 2013 — bringing to an end the longest recorded period so far.
Nevertheless, “given the general influence of global warming on the atmosphere, it makes sense that it should be having an impact on tornadoes too,” says Victor Gensini, an extreme weather expert at Northern Illinois University. “Instead of asking: ‘Did climate change cause this tornado?’ It’s better to operate under the assumption that climate change did play a role,” he says.
While the science on climate change and tornadoes isn’t clear, meteorologists are predicting that conditions benefiting tornadoes will continue this month. “I’m worried about the rest of the year to be honest. I don’t think we’re out of the woods yet.” Gensini says. 8．What is one difference between the recent tornadoes and the ones in the past?
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