2019 年研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .
As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.
I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches l
ost.
For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.
I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition
as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.
The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my
overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.
Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your
研究生入学考试overall energy level.
1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides
2. A. Cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps
3. A. Solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially
4. A. Lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording
5. A. Set B. review C. reach D. modify
6. A. Depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition
7. A. Regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to
8. A. Rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly
9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims
10. A. Though B. again C. indeed D. instead
11. A. Track B. overlook C. conceal D. report
12. A. Approval of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on
13. A. Share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare
14. Features B. rules C. tests D. results
15. A. Anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored
16. A. Secret B. belief C. sign D. principle
17. A. Necessity B. decision C. wish D. request
18. A. Surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing
19. A. Because B. unless C. until D. if
20. A. Dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessing
A 因此，
B 否则，D 除此之外。都不符合题意。
2.词性题：空前提到伤害大，空格内需要填入与hurt 的反义词，正确的是D help 有帮助。干扰项 A 关心，B 警告，C 减少。
3.副词题：这句意思是我们会把关注点由原来的通常关注体重和健康转移到
关注体重秤上面来。此处需要与generally 通常相反的词，正确的是solely 仅仅。干扰项B 偶尔，C 正式与句意不符。
4.词性题：仅仅想着体重秤上的数字，答案是 A lowering 降低，此处用了仅
仅用来加强语气不能选其他， B 解释，C 接受，D 记录。
5.词性题：我需要训练来目标，与goal 搭配，最适合的是reach 达到，干扰项
A set 设置，
B 审查，D 修正
6.词性题目：准确的我的努力，已经发生的事，应该用depiction 描述，不能用预测predict，其他词义distribution 分配definition 定义都不对
7.逻辑题：改变训练项目，需要三周到一个月时间来注意到体重的明显变化, 此处构成因果关系，选 D due to 由于，其他 A 不顾，B 除了， C 和都不符合8.词性题：前一句讲过体重的变化是最不明显的需要耗费三周到一个月，所以此处
讲的应该是最明显的变化，因此选 C 立即的。
9.逻辑题：前后构成因果关系，因为这些原因，我改变每天秤体重的做法。正确答案reasons
10.逻辑题：前半句和后半句明显是一种对比关系，因此选 D instead 反而。
11.词性题：空后是体重， A track 追踪，正确。B overlook 忽视，C conceal 掩盖，D report 报道，意思不符合。
12.并列结构：and 前面observe 观察，与它意思相近的是 C account for 解释说明，每隔一周称体重，让我观察到一些明显的体重变化并且为他寻原因。其他项A 批准赞成，B 紧紧抓住,D 依赖不符合题意
13.词性题：那会告诉我如何我的训练计划，正确答案是adjust 调整，其他选项A 分享，C 确认D 准备
14.词性题：需要填入的是名词，我会从半月体重称量得到信息。正确答案是
D results 结果，其他项 A 特，B 规则,C 测试不符合题意
15.并列结构：and 后是体重下降，此处是并列关系，选择 B 饥饿。其他项A 焦虑，C 疾病的,D 无聊的不符合题意
16.词性题：体重下降，那是一个我需要增加卡路里摄入， C 信号，正确。其他
项A 秘密,B 信念 D 原则不符合题意
17.词性题：to 后面的结构是修饰这个空，即停止每天称体重的 B 决定，正确。
其他项A 必要性,C 希望 D 请求不符合题意
18.词性题：of 后边结构修饰前面的burden 负担，所以我们此处填入的形容词也
必然是不好的 D 失望的，正确。其他项 A 惊讶的,C 限制的 C 消耗的不符合
题意
19.A 逻辑题：前半句讲获得成功是结果，填入的应该是因为because 正确。其
他项B 如果不,C 直到 D 如果不符合题意
20.D 词性题：此处要填入一个动词，rather than 两个句子构成对比关系，所以
我们需要选出与focus 意思相近的词，几个词组都可搭配over，obsess 痴迷 D
正确。其他项 A 统治,B 迷惑 C 成功不符合题意
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a
growing grasp of social and moral norms.
little later, in conjunction with a child’s
Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time t
hat
—and their own consciences. This is why
such statements appease parents and friends
researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good
thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild
it is engaging in behavior that’s not only reparative but also prosocial.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freud
ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it
upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or
Vaish says, adding that
a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,”
feelings that
this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger,
for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much
happiness (think mania) can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can
encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can
help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology
professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate f or an
emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt
and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to
cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that
shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And
vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages
self-observations, they
4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s
overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative
rated each child’s
emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were
handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an
anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn
on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even
though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.
“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of our empathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”
21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .
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