全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)模拟卷
（江南博哥）
材料题
根据以下材料，回答1-20题
of all the substances people intoxicate themselves with, alcohol is the least restricted and causes the most harm. Many illegal drugs are more dangerous to those who use them, but are relatively 1 to obtain, which limits their 2 . 3 , alcohol is omnipresent, so far more people suffer 4 its adverse effects.
No Western country has 5 alcohol since America abolished Prohibition in 1933. It is popular and easy to produce. Making it illegal enriches criminals and starts turf wars.In-recent years governments have begun 6 other drugs. 7 , to limit the harm caused by alcohol, states have tried to discourage people from drinking, using taxes, awareness campaigns and 8 on where, when and to whom alcohol is 9 .
The alcohol industry has pitched itself as part of the 10 . In Britain more than 100 producers and retailers have 11 a "responsibility deal" and promised to "help people to drink within guidelines", mostly by buying ads promoting moderation. However, if these campaigns were 12 , they would ruin their sponsors' finances. According to researchers from the Institute of Alcohol Studies, a think-tank, and the University of Sheffield, some two-fifths of alcohol 13 in Britain is in excess of the recommended weekly maximum of 14 units (about one glass of wine per day). Industry executives say they want the public to "drink less, but drink better", meaning fewer, fancier liquor. But people would need to pay 22-98% more per drink to 14 the revenue loss that such a steep drop in consumption would cause.
Health 15 have taken note of such arithmetic. Some now wonder if Liquor Giant is 16 in its efforts to 17 alcohol abuse. In 2018 America's National Institutes of Health stopped a $100m study of 18 drinking, which was partly funded by alcohol firms, 19 its design was biased in their products' favour. And this year the World Health organization and England's public-health authority banned their staff from working with the industry.
Producers are ready to fend 20 regulators.In 1999 alcohol firms invested half as much on lobbying in America as tobacco firms did.Today they spend 31% more.
1、[单选题]第1题答案是
A.hard
B.severe
C.easy
D.likely
正确答案：A
参考解析：翻译：各类违禁药物对其使用者来说更加危险，但由于相对_____获得， 本段首句是主旨句，提到alcohol is the least restricted and causes the most harm(酒精受到的限制最少，造成的危害却最大) ，空格处的主语为违禁药品，移栽与酒精进行对比，证明酒精危害比违禁药品大。虽然违禁药品更危险，但是危害不如酒精大，因为违禁药品的获取
难度大。 A正确。
2、[单选题]第2题答案是
A.incidence
B.impact
C.inference
D.issue
正确答案：B
参考解析：翻译：各类违禁药品对其使用者来说更危险，但由于相对较难获取，其限制它的_____. 结合前后句逻辑关系，由于违禁药品难以获得，因此其危害或者不良影响受到限制。B正确。
3、[单选题]第3题答案是
A.In return
B.In effect
C.In vain
D.In contrast
正确答案：D
参考解析：第一段是酒与违禁物品的对比，违禁药品更加危险，但是较难获取，酒无处不在，所以更多人收到了不良影响。两者进行了一个对比、比较。In contrast“相比之下”有对比之意，故为正确选项。
4研究生入学考试、[单选题]第4题答案是
A.by
B.into
C.from
D.over
正确答案：C
参考解析：翻译：相比之下，酒精无处不在，目前，受其不良作用影响的人也就更多。 这个题是固定搭配。 from意为“遭受”。C正确。
5、[单选题]第5题答案是
A.banned
B.funded
C.granted
D.allowed
正确答案：A
参考解析：翻译：自1933年美国废除禁酒令以来，没有一个西方国家______酒. 通过America abolish Prohubition可知，应该是没有哪一个西方国家禁止酒，banned(禁止)符合句意。
6、[单选题]第6题答案是
A.legalizing
B.allocating
C.restricting
D.checking
正确答案：A
参考解析：翻译：近年来，各国政府已开始将其他药物_____. 上一句Making itillegal enriches criminals and starts turf wars，所以今年来，应该是使其合法。A正确。
7、[单选题]第7题答案是
A.Moreover
B.Therefore
C.Instead
D.Otherwise
正确答案：C
参考解析：该句空格处需要填写一个逻辑副词，来体现该句与上句之间的逻辑关系，上一句是各国政府已经开始将其他药物合法化，后一句是为了减少酒精带来的危害，所以应该是转折的instead。C正确。
8、[单选题]第8题答案是
A.subjects
B.limits
C.consequences
D.strategies
正确答案：B
参考解析：为了减少酒精带来的危害，各国试图劝人们不要喝酒推知，各国对于酒精的限制是比较严格的。四个选项中只有选项limits(限制)符合句意，故为正确选项。
9、[单选题]第9题答案是
A.bought
B.needed
C.purchased
D.sold
正确答案：D
参考解析：翻译：为了减少酒精带来的危害，各国试图通过征税、开展宣传活动以及限制酒的_____地点、时间和销售对象来劝人们不要喝酒. 上下文可推知，各国限制了购买酒精的条件。特别需要注意的是to whom alcohol is 中的被动语态以及定语从句。 sold(销售)可构成搭配sell sth．to sb．(将某物卖给某人) 符合句意。
10、[单选题]第10题答案是
A.cause
B.study
C.solution
D.qualification
正确答案：C
参考解析：翻译：酒业将自身定位为_____的一部分. 后面描述了英国生产商和零售商的一些举措来告诫公众适度饮酒，可知酒业积极参与到政府推行的劝人们不要喝酒的一系列
行动中。四个选项中只有选项solution(解决方案)符合句意。
11、[单选题]第11题答案是
A.released
B.noticed
C.kept
D.signed
正确答案：D
参考解析：翻译：在英国，一百多家生产商和零售商____了一份“责任书”，承诺“帮助人们按照指导方针饮酒. 酒业将自身定位为解决方案的一部分可推知酒精的生产商和零售商着手解决问题，同意履行责任与义务。Dsigned与责任书搭配、D正确。
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