秘笈08 宾语从句
考点 1 宾语从句
宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。
中考考查重点：
1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；
2. 宾语从句的语序；
3. 宾语从句的时态。
考向1 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
考向2 宾语从句额语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。
He is an honest boy. The teacher said.
→ The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.
2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。
Does he work hard? I wonder.
高校教师资格证书→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.
1. Miss Green didn’t tell us ______ in 2002.
A. where does she live    B. Where she lives  C. where did she live    D. where she lived
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，故选D。
2022年国考考向3 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题
1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrrow.
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
1. Would you please tell me ______?
A. when did he come home
B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film
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D. why he didn’t watch the game
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。
2. I don’t know when ______.
A. will the train leave   
B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave                       
D. the train leave
【答案】B
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B项在语序和时态上符合要求。
2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the US soon.
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
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He told me that the earth is round.
考向4 that引导的宾语从句
that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法
1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。亳州人力资源网
作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　
She says that she will help me learn English this evening.
她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。
作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：
He is a good boy except that he is careless.
他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。
作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：
I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。
2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较：
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况：
引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：
She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。
4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况：
that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。
从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；
We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。
and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.
小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。
6. 宾语从句的否定转移。
在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：
我认为今晚他不能来。
【误】I think he can’t come this evening.
【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.
他认为我们现在不在教室里。
【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.
【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.