Section ⅠUse of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during
the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13
applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an
applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .
1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers
2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external
3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all
5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless
6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for
7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless
8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test
9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified
11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took
15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather
16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard
20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text
by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions
41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the
numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and
outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and
health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the
problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to
raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .
Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal
scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords
“environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often
local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for
example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is
an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about
a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework
funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social
scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new
program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in
protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ;
rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative
endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social
scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly
specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing
elsewhere,such as policy briefs.
[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the
100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these
Keywords.
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories,
including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the
bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what
it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to
receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral
change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming
climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and
promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such
problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific
funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting
topics of sustainable development .
[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the
humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including
government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to
25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.
Part B: (10 points)
Section III Translation
46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your
translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments
into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10
points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who
made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence
an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression
is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden
created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these
gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and
creative expression.
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of
turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.
(47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as
opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so
that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer
becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the
structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment
exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give
where it either didn’ｔ
composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their
stand.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is
so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we
are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of
spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we
find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet
even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of
petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It
is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word
garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming
uncanny representational forms.
Section III Writing
Party A
51 Directions:
Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting
him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.
You should include the details you think necessary.考研英语试题
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B: (20 points)
Part B
52 Directions:
Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In
your essay, you should
(1) describe the drawing briefly,
(2) interpret its intended meaning, and
(3) give your comments.
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