Practically all people (21) a desire to predict their future (22) . People seem inclined to (23) this task using causal reasoning. First，we generally (24) that future circumstances are (25) caused or conditioned by present (26) . We learn that getting an education will (27) how much money we earn later in life and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy (28) with a shark.
Second，people also learn that such (29) of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature. That is，the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are (30) -but not always. (31)，students learn that studying hard (32) good grades in most instances，but not every time. Science makes these concepts of causality and probability more explicit and (33) techniques for dealing (34) them more rigorously than does causal human inquiry. It sharpens the skills we already have by making us more conscious，rigorous，and explicit in our inquiries.
In looking at ordinary human inquiry，we need to (35) between prediction and understanding. Often，we can make predictions without understanding. And often，even if we don’t understand why，we are willing to act (36) the basis of a demonstrated predictive ability.
Whatever the primitive drives or instincts that (37) human beings，satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to predict future circumstances. The attempt to predict is often played in a (38) of knowledge
and understanding. If you can understand why things are related to one another，why certain regular patterns (39)，you can predict better than if you simply observe and remember those patterns. Thus，human inquiry aims (40) answering both “what” and “why” questions，and we pursue these goals by observing and figuring out.
21. [A] exhibit [ B] exaggerate [C] examine [D] exceed
22. [A]contexts [B]circumstances [C]cases [D] intuitions
23. [A]underestimate B]undermine [C]undertake [D] undergo
24. [A]recall [B]recede [C]reckon [D] recognize
25. [A]somehow [B]somewhat [C]someone [D] something
26. [A] one [B]ones [C]one’s [D] oneself
27. [A]effect [B]affect [C]affection [D] decide
28. [A]meeting [B]occurrence [C]encounter [D] sighting
29. [A]patterns [B]designs [C]arrangements [D] pictures
30. [A]absence [B]absent [C]accent [D] access
31. [A]Thus [B]So that [C]However [D] In addition
32. [A]producing [B]produces [C]produce [D] produced
33. [A]prevent [B]produce [C]provide [D] predict
34. [A]for [B]at [C]in [D] with
35. [A]distinguish [B]distinct [C]distort [D] distract
36. [A]at [B]on [C]to [D] under
37. [A]motion [B]motive [C]motivate [D] activate
38. [A]contour [B]contact [C]contest [D] context
39. [A]happen [B]occur [C]occupy [D] incur
40. [A]at [B]on [C]to [D] beyond
21. [A] exhibit此处意为“体现出”，相称于display或者show。其她选项中：[B] exaggerate “夸张，夸大”；[C]examine“检查，研究”；[D]exceed“超越，超过”，均不符合题意。22. [B] circumstances 此处意为“状况，境况”。其她选项中[A]context“上下文，背景”。[D] intuition“直觉”，均不符合题意。
23. [C] undertake意为“从事”。其她选项中[A]underestimate“低估”，[B]undermine“削弱”
[D]undergo“经历”和undertake区别在于，undertake强调“积极做某事”。Undergo普通是被动地经历某事。
24. [D] recognize此处意为“结识到，承认”，近义词为realize。其她选项，[A]recall“回忆起，想起”，[B]recede“后退，衰退，衰落”，[C]reckon “以为”，均不符合题意。
25. [A] somehow副词“由于某种因素，以某种方式，用某种办法，莫名其妙地…”，[B]
somewhat“稍微，有点”。选[A]。
26. [B] ones此处应当用one复数形式代替circumstances。
28. [C] encounter此处为名词，意为“碰见，不期而遇”。该词也可以当动词使用。[A]meeting 普通指实现安排好“会议，约见”等。[B]occurrence 为occur名词形式，意为“发生事情，时间，事故，发生。”[D] Sighting为名词，意为“目击事件，发现，看见”。
29. [A] patterns为名词，意为“模范，图案，式样，方式，模型”等。也可做动词，做“以……”讲[B]design名词意为“图案，花样，构造，预谋”等。也可以当动词使用。[C]arrangement （名词）安排。
30. [A] absence 本来句子为That is，the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are (30) -but not always.此处显然需要一种形容词，“不在”，则应为形容词absent。
31. [A] Thus 这里需要承办上文词应当具备“因而”含义。上面讨论是研究中“或然性”问题，也就是，没有什么事情是绝对有把握发生，社会研究中因果关系普通都是probabilistic，也就是发生概率相对比较大。作者在背面举例说，“也就是说，那些刻苦读书学生往往会获得好成绩，但是并不是每次都这样”。四个选项中唯一有承办关系词是Thus。So that 普通不用于句首。
32. [B] produces “刻苦努力就会成绩好，”作者在这里论述是普通存在客观现象，应用produce 普通当前时produces。
33. [C] provide该句句意为：科学使得这些因果性和概然性概念更清晰，并提供了一定技巧，比起普通研究办法，让人们能更有效地把握这些概念。此处(33)中需要词，应当是“提供，”“予以”等意义词汇。因而只有provide最适当。
34. [D] with 此处考察deal with这一固定搭配，意为“安排，解决，对付”。六级查分2021时间
35. [A] distinguish 该句意思是：考察人类研究活动时，咱们必要分清预测和理解。Distinguish
把……和……分开，辨别，辨认。普通和from，或between搭配。[B]distinct 为形容词，意为“清晰，明显，截然不同，独特。[C]distort“歪曲；曲解”。[D] distract（常与from连用）使…注意力转移；使分心，均不符合题意。
36. [B] on Act on the basis of…意思和“act on…”相近。按照……行事。
37. [C] motivate此处需要一种动词，表达“激发，促使”等意。只有motivate符合规定。其她选项：[A]motion做动词时意为“用动作打信号；打手势”。[B]motive 普通不做动词用。做名词时意为“动机；目”。做形容词意为“起动；发动”。[D] activate普通意为“刺激；使产生活动；激发，激活；启动”。
38. [D] context “上下文；先后关系”。[A]contour“轮廓；外形；周线；海岸线”，[B]contact “接触；联系；关联”；例如，[C]contest“斗争；争夺；比赛；角逐；竞争”。只有[D]符合题意。
39. [B] occur“发生”。原句意思为：如果你能明白为什么有些事物是互相联系，为什么有些固定模式总是浮现，你就可以不但仅单纯地依托观测和记忆，而更好地预测将来。Occur做“突然发生”解时，可以和happen互相互换使用。但是在本文中，occur主语为pattern。更侧重于“浮现”含义。因而不能用happen代替。Incur意为“招致；惹起”。例如incur inconvenience“使别人不方面，给别人带来麻烦”等。
40. [A] at aim at：以…为目的；瞄准。为固定搭配。
Generally，a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations. (21)，however，the term usually refers (22) an electronic device that can (23) a series of tasks according to a (24) set of instructions.
In 1953 there were only about 100 computers in use in the (25) world. Today hundreds of millions of computers (26) in homes，schools，businesses，government offices，and universities for almost every (27) purpose.
Modern desktop personal computers，or PCs，are (28) than the huge，million-dollar business
computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion (29) per second. These computers are used not only for household (30) and personal entertainment，but also for most of the automated tasks (31) by small businesses. The fastest desktop computers are called workstations，and they are (32) used for scientific，engineering，or advanced business (33).
The speed and power of supercomputers，the fastest class of computer，are almost (34) human comprehension，and their (35) are continually being (36). The fastest of these machines can perform more than 7 trillion-and theoretically can run more than 12 trillion-operations per second and can store 6 trillion characters in its memory，(37) it to do the work of thousands of PCs. Supercomputers (38) these speeds (39) the use of several advanced engineering techniques. Because they can cost billions of dollars-and because they can be large enough to cover the size of two basketball courts-supercomputers are used (40) by government agencies and large research centers.
21. [A] Currently [B] Consequently [C] Conceivably [D] Clearly
22. [A] in [B] at [C] as [D] to
23. [A] perform [B] conduct [C] achieve [D] fulfill
24. [A] rigid [B] serious [C] precise [D] harsh
25. [A] entire [B] complete [C] total [D] general
26. [A] are to be used [B] are being used [C] have been using [D] used
27. [A] perceptive [B] conceivable [C] inevitable [D] imaginary
28. [A] many times more powerful [B] many more times powerful[C] powerful many more times
[D] powerful more many times
29. [A] exercises [B] missions [C] errands [D] operations
30. [A] management [B] execution [C] application [D] manipulation
31. [A] claimed [B] necessitated [C] required [D] requested
32. [A] inclusively [B] generally [C] totally [D] entirely
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