Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [BJ. [CJ.or [DJ on the ANSWER SHEET. (IO points)
The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early
2000s: the term "plant neurobiology was.lll.around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior intelligence in anima ls. 旦 pla nts lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that 缉 consciousness , researchers previously reported.
But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it 鸟 so greatly from that of animals that so-called (fil of plants intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.
Beginning in 2006, some scientists have ＿CTL that plants possess neuron-like
cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, _J_ 趾 "a plant nervous system, 位 to that in animals."said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, "They_jJ_QL claimed that plants have "brain-like command centers"at their root tips."
This 皿 makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain. 吵
it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals 皿 ，t he signaling in a plant is only 鸟 simila r to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than "a mass of cells that communicate by
electric ity."Taiz said
"For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold 鸟 of complexity and capacity is required," he 荨 "S ince plants don't have nervous systems, the 皿that they have consciousness are effectively2022年考研时间 zero."
And what's so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can't run away from
鸟. so investing energy in a body system which _Ll_2L a threat and can feel pain would be a very _(凶L evolutionary strategy, according to the article.
I .A.coi ned B.llected D.issued 2.A.attributed B.directed Cpared D.confined 3.A.unless B. D.though
pe with B.consisted of C.hinted at D.extended in 5.A.suffers B.benefits C.develops D.differs
6.A.acceptance B.evidence C.cultivation D.creation 7.A.doubted B.denied C.argued D.requested
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8.A.adapting B.forming C.repairing D.testing
9.A.a nalo go us B.essential C.suitable D.sensitive I 0.A.just B.ever C. still D.even
I I . A.restrictio n B.experiment C.perspective D.demand 12.A.ducing C.retuming D.exposing
13. A.H oweve r B.Moreover C.Therefore D.Otherwise porarily B.literally C.super ficially D.imaginarily 15.A.list B.level C.label D.local
16.A.reca lled B.agreed C.questioned D.added
17. A.cha nces B.risks C.excuses D.assumptions 18.A. danger B.failure C.waming D.control
19.A.represents B.veals D.recognizes 20.A.humble B.poor C.practical D.easy
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B]. [C], or [DJ.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles. shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don't break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle.
They "weep"out add 山 ves. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for ins titut ions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.
Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art 小 dn't always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands.
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