possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites, the U.S. Environmental
2021 级高校英语四级模拟试卷（2021.11.21）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
广西选调生网Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: T he I mportance o f k eeping A G ood M ood. Y ou s hould w rite a t l east 120 w ords according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 人们每天都生活在压力之下
郑州国企招聘信息20212. 所以说保持一个好的心情是非常重要的
3. 我的观点和缘由
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: I n t his p art, y ou w ill h ave 15 m inutes t o g o o ver t he p assage q uickly a nd answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, m ark
报考中级职称需要什么条件
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For q uestions 8-10, c omplete t he s entences w ith t he i nformation g iven i n t he passage. Gulf Wracked By Katrina's Latest Legacy-Disease, Poisons, Mold
A month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. Gulf Coast, medical experts are now struggling with the latest crisis in the region; contamination(污染). Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil, sewage, and Protection Agency (EPA) s ays.
The pollution, combined with the lack of regular medical services in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety of New Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home begin to go back.
一建成绩查询时间2022I don't think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, from a public health and environmental health standpoint, said Miriam Aschkenasy, an environmental health expert working with Oxfam America in the region.
Much of the contamination rests in the brown, filmy sediment(沉淀物) left behind by Katrina's polluted floodwaters.
Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. coli bacteria, oil and
gas chemicals, and lead, as well as varying quantities of arsenic.
The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, experts say, because the sludge(淤泥) is nearly impossible for returning residents to avoid. In New Orleans, it covers e very s urface that was flooded, from cars a nd n ow-dead lawns to t he e ntire contents of flooded homes, stores, hospitals, and schools.
When p eople c ome b ack, t hey a re e xposed t o t he s ediment, s aid W ilma S ubra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is analyzing the sediment. It's in their yards and h ouses. Old Pollution Resurfacing
Plaquemines Parish, a rural county on the peninsula south of New Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane R ita. Six inches up to one foot (15 to 30 centimeters) of sludge, Subra
2021级大学英语四级模拟试卷
reported.
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Much o f t he s ludge i n P laquemines i s t he p roduct o f n earby b ayous a nd b ay bottoms, where sediment was lifted up by Katrina's and Rita's storm surges.
The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrial chemicals and heavy metals, said Subra, who tested the sediment for the Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in New Iberia, Louisiana.
These water bodies have received industrial wastes for decades, she said. This material h as t oxic c hemicals, metals, and o rganic p etrochemicals(石化产品). Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills caused by Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spills have occurred in southern Louisiana, t otaling 7.4 m illion g allons (28 m illion l iters) o f o il, m ost o f w hich h as b een contained.
Bacteria levels are also especially high in the Plaquemines sludge, said Rodney Mallett, spokespers
on for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality.
The sewage treatment plants were underwater, he explained. Between the animal waste and the human waste, you've got a lot of bacteria.
Protection Kits
Health a nd e nvironmental a gencies a re a dvising p eople t o a void c ontact w ith t he sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if exposure occurs.
EPA officials are directing people to its Web site (.v) to inform themselves of
the contamination risks.
But most people returning to the area don't have computers to get that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council,
an environmental a dvocacy group. If you [do] read the Web site, he added, you practically have to have a degree in chemistry to understand it.
To b etter i nform p eople o f h ealth r isks, t he S outhern M utual H elp A ssociation a nd Oxfam America are developing a program to give every returning resident a protective kit.
Each kit would contain waterproof suits, goggles(风镜), shoe covers, and masks, along with i nformation about potential h azards, Volunteers would g ive out t he kits a t
the security checkpoints that now stand at the major entrances to affected cities.
The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, which cost about $100 (U.S.) each to produce, and have shown them to state leaders in Louisiana.
The g overnor i s r eally i n f avor o f t his, S ubra s aid. W e j ust h ave t o d etermine h ow
we're going to fund them.
Toxic Mold Blooms
In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many f looded h omes. T he m old i s g rowing e verywhere-homes a re j ust c oated w ith i t, Subra said.
The problem has become so widespread that federal health officials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses to the mold. Professionals should
be hired to clean mold that covers more than ten square feet (one square m e t e H r e)r,teams have been inoculating residents for tetanus and Hepatitis A and B. they urged. Hepatitis is a danger when people are exposed to sewage, through water or food, Those [surfaces] that can't be cleaned need to be removed, said Steven R e B d r d i,g g c s h i e e x f p l a i n e d.Tetanus can occur when people cut themselves on unclean
of the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch of the U.S. Centers for Control and Prevention (CDC). m D a i t s e e r a i s a e ls, as may happen when cleaning deb T r h i e s.rudimentary根(本的) living conditions in many Kat-r s i t n r a u ck areas make it more likely that people will get sick
高级会计师报名时间和条件The effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississippi, wh呼er吸e respi a r n a d to i r n y j(ured, Briggs said.
的 ) problems are among the illnesses doctors there are reporting.
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They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning, she said. There a collapsed structures and stray animals. There are huge amounts of stray dogs, and people have been bitten.B riggs and other doctors in the area have been treating
We're seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold, said Richard Paat m,an t y ea c m ases of diarrhea, rashes, and-re u s p p p i e r r atory illnesses.
leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic. And mouth sores from the bad water.All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters, according to Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the flood zone have c o n t r C a D c C t.e d B u t it's too soon to know if these ailments are related to contamination, the Vibrio infections, according to the CDC. The infections are caused by a famCiDlCy'sofRoebuck said.We're looking at that question, he said. We'd like to know the bacteria that live in contaminated salt water. They can cause serious i l l n e a s n s s,w e e r s.p e c i a l l y
in people with compromised immune systems.
To date, six people have died from Vibrio infections.
1. The passage gives a description of the contamination in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.
People had open wound and walked through floodwater with sewage in it, CDC 2. Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil and sewage. spokesperson Von Roebuck said. And these folks were having these wounds infec3t.edPlaquemines Parish is now covered with even more toxic sediment that it was
with Vibrio.
Disaster Response Care two weeks ago.
4. People are being advised to avoid contact with the sludge by health and
国家公务员面试成绩
This is a highly contaminated area, said Susan Briggs, the physician o v e r e s n e v e i i r n o g n m e n t a l agencies.
FEMA's disast-erresponse medical teams in Louisiana and Alabama.    5. The Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a
program to sell every returning resident a protective kit.
6. The conditions in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is special.
7. In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes, and it is growing everywhere.
8. To date, six people have died from  .
9. The rudimentary living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get  .
10. All of these conditions are to be expected after  .
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
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Directions: I n t his s ection, t here i s a p assage w ith t en b lanks. Y ou a re r equired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each afraid to ask someone for a date.
Many people are afraid to assert(表现)themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it's because their self-respect is low. Our whole 48 is designed to make people distrust themselves, says Alberti. There's always ' 49 ' around-a parent, a teacher, a boss-who 'knows better'. These superiors often gain when they chip(减弱) away at your self-image.
But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people  50 themselves. They  51  assertiveness training courses-At for short. In the AT courses p eople l earn t hat t hey h ave a r ight t o b e t hemselves. T hey l earn t o s peak o ut and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more  52  without hurting other people.
In one way. learning to speak out is to  53  fear. A g roup t aking a c ourse w ill help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger  54  -the need t o s hare. T he timid p erson s peaks o ut in t he g roup b ecause he wants t o t ell h ow he feels.
Whether o r n ot y ou s peak u p f or y ourself d epends o n y our s elf-image. I f s omeone you face is more important than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to
item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of 55  your own good sense.
the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated  47  ? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you
You go by the other person's  56  . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.
[A] doubt [I] peace
[B] active [J] demand
[C] system [K] ask
[D] offer [L] superior
[E] unfairly [M] overcome
[F] unfortunately [N] confidence
[G] motive [O] roar
[H] image
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One
Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood.
There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), the orangutan(猩猩), the gorilla(大猩
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猩), and the gibbon(长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.
All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies e xcept t heir f aces, f eet, a nd h ands. T heir h ands e ach h ave f our f ingers a nd a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree.
These a nimals l ive i n s mall f amily g roups t hat m ove f rom p lace t o p lace i n s earch o f vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food.
There are some differences among the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never m ore t han t hree f eet h igh and w eight o nly about f ourteen p ounds. The g orilla grows to be six feet tall and weigh up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and
weigh up to 200 pounds. Chimpanzees a re t he s martest o f a ll a pes. T hey c an b e t aught t o s it a t a t able a nd eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do.
57. What does the first paragraph tell us?
[A] The ape looks like human beings most.
[B] People and the ape think alike.
[C] People and the ape behave alike.