英语（一）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was 1 around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be 2 to intelligence in animals. 3 plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that 4 consciousness, researchers previously reported.
But such an idea is bunk, according to the authors of the new article. Plant biology is plex a
nd fascinating, but it 5 so greatly from that of animals that so-called 6 of plants’ intelligence is intriguing but inconclusive, the scientists wrote. In animals, neurobiology refers to the biological mechanisms through which a nervous system regulates behavior, according to Harvard University’s Mind Brain Behavior Interfaculty Initiative. Over millions of years, brains in diverse animal species have evolved to produce behaviors that experts identify as intelligent: Among them are reasoning and problem-solving, tool use and self-recognition.
Beginning in 2006, some scientists have 7 that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, 8 “a plant nervous system, 9 to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, a professor emeritus of molecular, cell and developmental biology at the University of California Santa Cruz.
“They 10 claimed that plants have 'brain-like mand centers' at their root tips,” Taiz told Live Science in an email.
This 11 makes sense if you simplify the workings of a plex brain, 12 it to an中公网校极速版
array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also municate through electrical signals, according to
the article. 13 , the signaling in a plant is only 14 similar to the billions of synapses firing in a plex animal brain, which is more than "a mass of cells that municate by electricity,” Taiz said.
“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold 15 of plexity and capacity is required,” he 16 .
Other researchers who recently investigated the neuroscience of consciousness — awareness of one's world and a sense of self — found that in animals, only vertebrates, arthropods and cephalopods had brains plex enough to enable them to be conscious.
“If the lower animals — which have nervous systems — lack consciousness, the 17 that plants without nervous systems have consciousness are effectively nil,” Taiz said.
And what’s so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can’t run away from 18 , so investing energy in a body system that 19 a threat and can feel pain would be a very 20 evolutionary strategy, according to the article.
1.A. coined 2.A. attributed | B. discovered B. directed | C. collected C. pared | D. issued 二级考试成绩查询D. confined |
3. A. Unless | B. When | C. Once | D. Though |
4. A. coped with | 省考报名费2022多少钱B. consisted of | C. hinted at | D. extended to |
5. A. 醴陵市教育信息网suffers | B. benefits | C. develops | D. differs |
6. A. acceptance | B. evidence | C. cultivation | D. creation |
7. A. doubted | B. denied | C. argued | D. requested |
全国二级建造师报名入口8. A. adapting | B. forming | C. repairing | D. testing |
9. A. analogous | B. essential | C. suitable | D. sensitive |
10. A. just | B. ever | C. still | D. even |
11. A. restriction | B. experiment | C. perspective | D. demand |
| 海南大学研究生招生网 12. A. attaching | B. reducing | C. returning | D. exposing |
13. A. However | B. Moreover | C. Therefore | D. Otherwise |
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