【趋势解读】
语态问题是一个关系问题，语态所要解决的就是主语和谓语之间的关系。这种关系只能有两种:要么主语是谓语动词动作的发出者(即主动语态)，要么主语是谓语动词动作的承受者(被动语态)。语态也是动词的一种形式。语气问题是个“态度”问题。语气所要表达的就是说话人(作者)对所说明的事物的看法，说明其为事实，是应该做绒必须做的事，希望发生的事，还是纯属虚构的情况。语气有四种:陈述语气、祈使语气、疑问语气和虚拟语气。时态、语态和语气是英语句子的核心，是考试的重点。考查被动语态的题主要会集中在单项选择、完成句子、词汇填空、完形填空、短文填空等试题之中。
【思维引导】
精彩笔记1 被动语态的构成和用法
(1)英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被
动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表:
(2)被动语态的用法
①不知道谁是动作的执行者。如:The car was made in China.这辆汽车是中国产的。
②由于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。如:English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。
③需要强调动作的承受者。如:Professor Black will be invited to the meeting. Black教授将被邀参加会议。
核心题根1 Over $ 30,000_______for a children's hospital by 淮南市人社局a British girl several months ago.
A, is raised B, was raised
C. will be raised D. has been raised
思路点拨:主语是Over $ 30 , 000，它和raise“筹集”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态;再结合several months ago可知，要用一般过去时的被动语态。
同类变式会计职称证书查询系统1 The novel by many people today.
A. is read B. are read
C. reads D. were read
方法技巧
(1)分析句子结构，抓两条线，一条是主语与谓语动词的关系，定语态;另一条是时间，定时态。
(2)牢记不同的语态、时态对应的谓语动词形式。
精彩笔记2 主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.主动语态和被动语态可以互相转换:
2.语态转换的几种类型
核心题根2 (1)将句子改为被动语态。
①My students always share ideas in class.
Ideas 国家医学考试网2021考试时间 always 2023年云南省公务员考试成绩排名 by my students in class.
②The university will invite many graduates to celebrate its 100th birthday.
Many graduates will by the university to celebrate its 100th birthday.
思路点拨:主动语态变为被动语态时，通常遵循以下三个步骤:①首先把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
②再把主动语态的谓语动词改为与其时态相对应的被动形式，且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。
③最后将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语，置于句后。“by+宾语”在句中常省略。
(2) My father bought me a watch yesterday.
(改为被动语态)A watch me yesterday.
思路点拨:这是一个含双宾语的主动句变为被动句，注意不要遗漏了间接宾语前的介词。
(3)At last the boy was made and began to laugh.
A. stop crying B. to stop to cry
C. to stop crying D. stop to cry
思路点拨:在把“make/let等使役动词十宾语+省略to的不定式”结构变为被动语态时，要把省略的不定式符号to还原;stop to do sth“停下来去做某事”,stop doing sth“停止做某事”。
(4) In many places in China, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government.
A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of
C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care
思路点拨:句意:在中国的许多地方，超过90岁的老人不仅被他们的家庭好好照顾着，而且也被政府好好照顾着。注意:the old指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式;在短语动词的被动语态中，介词或副词不能省略。
阅读短文，将画线部分改为被动语态。
We have an old musical instrument. We call it a clavichord(古钢琴). Someone made it
in
① ②
Germany in 1681. We keep our clavichord in the living room. My grandfather bought the
③ ④
instrument many years ago. Recently a visitor damaged(破坏)it. She struck the keys too hard
⑤
初级会计证报考条件学历要求 and broke two of the strings(弦). This shocked my father. Now he does not allow us to touch
⑥ ⑦ ⑧
it. A friend of my father's is repairing it.
⑨
方法技巧
带双宾语的主动句如何变为被动句?
(1)通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。如:
He told us a story.→We were told a story ( by him).他给我们讲了一个故事。
My father gave me a new pen. →I was given a new pen by my father.我爸爸给我一支新钢笔。
(2)如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前有时要加介词to(在send, pass, write, give, show, bring等动词之后)或for(在buy, cook, make, order, choose等动词之后)。如:
My teacher gave me some advice. →Some advice was given to me by my teacher.我的老师给我提了一些建议。
My mother bought me a new bag. →A new bag was bought for me by my mother.我妈妈给我买了一个新包。
感官动词或表示“变化”的动词不能用于被动语态。需要记住的单词有:专升本什么时候报名
look(看起来) sound(听起来) taste(尝起来) smell(闻起来) continue(继续) feel(摸起夹.感受) seem(似乎) remain(仍然) keep(保持) prove(证明)
精彩笔记3 在口语中常用“get+过去分词”来表示被动
get married结婚
get hurt受伤
get dressed穿衣服
get lost迷路
get+过去分词 get drunk喝醉了
get paid获得报酬
get started行动起来
get treated得到
get elected当选
例如:She got married last week.她上周结婚了。
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