2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business, and though you’re making a nice __1__, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is __2__ growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus __3___ on finding ways to grow.
Let’s look at a real-world __4___. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the __5___ departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The __6__ w
as that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And __7__ making improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, __8__, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, __9__ a growth team and sparked the kind of __10__ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the __11__ of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this __12__, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently ___13____ the premium version to users of the free version. ____14_____, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.
But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can ___15__ the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.
This leader will __16__ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the
___17___ of these goals. The growth leader is also __18__ for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. __19__ attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t __20___ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.
1.[A] purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet
2.[A] define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate
3.[A] exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially
4.[A] experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example
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5.[A] identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional
6.[A] rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem
7. [A] despite[B] unlike [C] through [D] besides
8. [A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore [D] again
9. [A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed
10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal
11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack[D] decrease安徽基础教育资源应用平台登录入口
12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight
13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting[D] transforming
14. [A] as a result[B] at any rate [C] by the way [D] in a sense
15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow [D] choose
16. [A] share [B] identify[C] divide [D] broaden
17.[A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D]accomplishment
18. [A] famous [B]  responsible[C] available [D] respective
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19. [A] before [B] once [C] while[D]  unless
20. [A]  serve[B] limit [C] summarize [D] alter
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.
The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.
Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, mitigating flooding and cooling the environment.”
The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account called Shit Lawns, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,260 and 11,272 signatures.
However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.
In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.
It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguard
s in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”
21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass __________.
[A] is harmful to the environment
[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles
[C] is overpraised in the annual show
[D] is ruining the view of west London
22. The petitions mentioned in para.3 reveal the campaigner's ________.
[A] disappointment with the RHS
[B] resistance to fake grass use
[C] anger over the proposed tax
四川省成都市公务员考试职位表[D] concern above real grass supply
23.  In para 4, supporters of fake grass point out that_________.
[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass
[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass
[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns
[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection
陕西省教育局24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?
[A] urge legislation to restrict its use
[B] take measures to guarantee its quality
[C] remind its users to obey existing rules
[D] replace it with sustainable alternatives
25.  It can be learned from the text that fake grass ________ .
[A] is being improved continuously
[B] has been a market share decline
[C] is becoming affordable
[D] has been a controversial product
Text 2
It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park? But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.
But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Dep
artment’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.
Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.
The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.
The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive i
mpact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.
The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.
26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?
[A] decline of business profits
[B] inadequate commercialization
[C] lack of transportation services
[D] poorly maintained infrastructure
27. Increased privatization of the campground may_______?
[A] spoil visitor experience
[B] help preserve nature
[C] bring operational pressure
[D] boost visits to parks
28. According to para.5, most respondents in the survey would ______?
[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis
[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks
[C] pay extra for the national parks
[D] support the national parks' recent reforms
29. The national parks are valuable in that they________
[A] lead the way in tourism
[B] have historical significance
[C] sponsor research on climate
[D] provide an income for locals
30.  It can be concluded from the text that the national park system _______
[A] is able to cope with shortages
[B] is able to meet visitors' demand
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[C] is in need of a new pricing policy
[D] is in need of a funding increase
Text 3
The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Colum
bia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 201, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 facts in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember their information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember their information. But they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.
In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." "Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking -something that is