2014年山东师范大学外国语学院711基础英语考研真题及详解
一、翻译（共60分）
1）英译汉（30分）
Language and literacy are among mankind’s greatest inventions. Evolving and even dying over the course of human history, languages are a reflection of our cultural and societal attitudes. Today, surrounded by social media, television, movies, billboards, and, of course, books, the ability to read and write is crucial to forming an identity and expressing one’s feelings.
Most humans acquire language in early childhood and speak fluently when they are about three years old, but our continued relationship with language gives shape and meaning to our lives.
Many readers feel that they read too slowly, especially compared with others, but the truth is that the faster you read, the less likely you are to comprehend fully what you’re reading. The best readers are flexible—slowing down when needed, especially if weighty concepts or unknown words are grouped cl
osely together—and always have a dictionary at hand.
【参考译文】
语言和读写能力是人类最伟大的发明。人类历史在演变甚至是灭绝的过程中，语言都是对我们的文化和社会态度的反应。时至今日，当我们被社会传媒、电视、电影、广告牌当然还有书本包围时，读写能力对于我们形成一种特征和表达自己的感受是至关重要的。
大多数人都是在幼儿的时候学习语言然后在三岁的时候就能很流利地说话了，但我们对语言进一步的学习将会对我们的生活产生很大的影响，具有深远的意义。
许多读者觉得他们读得太慢了，特别是相对于其他人而言，但是事实上你读得越快，你就越可能不能完全理解你读的内容。最好的读者是灵活多变的——需要时他们就读得慢，特别是当一些繁琐的概念或者是不认识的字都混在一起时，他们往往都读得慢——而且常常会带一本字典在身边。
2）汉译英（30分）
我希望我的生命中还有美。我见过落日之美和春木之美，还有潜水女人美丽的眼睛，但现在这些偶见的令人愉悦的光影已不再令我惊悚。我要我自己生命中的美，而不是光顾于它的这些偶然情形。在我看来我的生命中曾有过许多美好的行为，那是很久以前，我年轻的时候，置身于一友善的姑娘中，这是个现已不复存在的世界。她们个个都比现今的任何一个女孩子更可爱。因为现在的女人们都只差不多算是好看。而据我所知，她们的容貌在最美好的时候却被千方百计地处理和修改过了。但是我宁愿这个在我身体上活动着、渴望着的生命本身能够实现些许美好，哪怕只是昙花一现的表现。比如一只蝴蝶的生命本身就是一个优美的姿态，而且，由于其本身的优美可人是彻底而完美的，所以我羡慕这种由其生存方式本身所带来的亮丽的振翅；而我所能做到的最接近我理想的事情不过是循规蹈矩地支付各种账单、对妻子恭敬有礼、捐助有意义的慈善事业——不过，这些做法似乎还不太够。
【参考译文】
And I want beauty in my life. I have seen beauty in a sunset and in the spring woods and in the eyes of diving women, but now these happy accidents of light and color no longer thrill me. And I want beauty in my life itself, rather than in such
chances as befall it. It seems to me that many actions of my life were beautiful, very long ago, when I was young in an evanished world of friendly girls, who were all lovelier than any girl is nowadays. For women now are merely more or less good-looking, and as I know, their looks when at their best have been painstakingly enhanced and edited. But I would like this life which moves and yearns in me, to be able itself to attain to comeliness, though but in transitory performance. The life of a butterfly, for example, is just a graceful gesture: and yet, in that its loveliness is complete and perfectly rounded in itself, I envy this bright flicker through existence. And the nearest I can come to my ideal is punctiliously to pay my bills, be polite to my wife, and contribute to deserving charities: and the program does not seem, somehow, quite adequate.
二、阅读理解（共3篇短文，45分）
提示：仔细阅读下列短文，然后回答每篇短文后的问题，每小题3分。
(A)
In the absence of optimism, we are left with nothing but critics, naysayers, and prophets of doom. When a nation expects the worst from its people and institutions, and its experts focus exclusively on faults, hope dies. Too many people spend too much time looking down rather than up, finding fault wi
th their country’s political institutions, economic system, educational establishment, religious organizations, and—worst of all—with each other.
Faultfinding expends so much negative energy that nothing is left over for
positive action. It takes courage and strength to solve the genuine problems that afflict every society. Sure, there will always be things that need fixing. But the question is, do you want to spend your time and energy tearing things down or building them up?
The staging of a Broadway show could illustrate my point. Let’s say a new production is about to open. A playwright has polished the script, investors have put up the money, and the theater has been rented. A director has been chosen, actors have been auditioned and selected, and the cast has been rehearsing for weeks. Set, lighting, and sound engineers have been hard at work. By the time opening night arrives, nearly a hundred people have labored tirelessly—all working long hours to make magic for their audience.
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On opening night, four or five critics sit in the audience. If they pan it, the play will probably close in a matter of days or weeks. If they praise it, the production could go on for a long and successful run. In the end, success or failure might hinge on the opinion of a single person—someone who might be in a bad mood on opening night!
What’s wrong with this scene? In one sense, nothing. Critics have a legitimate role. The problem arises when we make critics our heroes or put them in control of our fate. When we empower the critic more than the playwright, something is wrong. It is much easier to criticize than to create. When we revere the critics of society, we eventually become a society of critics, and when that happens, there is no room left for constructive optimism.
1. According to the author, critics usually _____.
A. ignore minor imperfections
B. overemphasize flaws
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C. see both sides of a coin
D. pin their hopes on improvements
2. The preparation of a Broadway show is mentioned in order to _____.
A. explain that staging a play requires complex teamwork
B. argue that a minute mistake may ruin a lifelong task
C. show that the preparatory stage is imperative to the following ones临沂市人社局考试
D. illustrate that criticism may block the way to success
3. Compared with the playwrights, the critics are, according to the author, _____.
A. pretentious rather than honest
B. arrogant rather than modest
C. cruel rather than merciful
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D. destructive rather than constructive
4. What might be the ultimate result of a biased bitter criticism?
A. more rebellion
B. more creativity
C. less initiative
D. less destruction
5. The main idea of this passage is _____.
A. the destructive role of utter pessimism
B. achieving success regardless of criticism
C. no cracking down, no building up
D. one should learn to handle stresses
【答案与解析】
1.B 根据文章第一段最后一句话“Too many people spend too much time looking
down rather than up, finding fault with their country’s political ...with each other.”可知，批评家们通常都是专注于挑出缺点。故选B。
2.C 文章中第四段第二句话提到“If they pan it, the play will probably close in a
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matter of days or weeks. If they praise it, the production could go on for a long and successful run.”，由此可知百老汇的演出成功与否则取决于批评家的意见。
故选C。
初级会计网课免费3.D 根据最后一段最后一句话“When we revere the critics of society, we eventually
become a society of critics, and when that happens, there is no room left for constructive optimism.”可知，相比于批评家，剧作家是更加积极乐观的，而批评家则有可能成为成功路上的阻碍。故选D。
4.C 由文章最后一段第三句话“When we empower the critic more than the
playwright, something is wrong. It is much easier to criticize than to create.”
可知，如果带有偏见的进行批评的话，则缺少创意。故选C。
5.A 通读全文可知，文章开头讲到，如果缺少乐观精神的话，那么生活中则仅剩下批评，
反对甚至是死亡预言。随后介绍专注与缺点的批评会带来很多负能量，然后以百老汇的演出为例，说明评论家的言语会直接影响演出的成功与否，带有偏见的批评会成为