2019年MBA/MPA考研英语（二）真题及答案Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .
As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.
I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost
For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.
I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.
The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.
Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.
1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C]Otherwise [D] However
2. [A] helps [B]cares [C]warns [D] reduces
3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally
4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting
5. [A] modify [B] set [C]review [D] reach
6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction
7. [A] due to [B]regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with
8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate
9. [A] claims [B]judgments [C] reasons [D] methods
10. [A] instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed
11. [A] report [B] share [C] share [D] share
12. [A] depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for
13. [A] prepare [B]share [C]share [D] share
14. [A] results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests
15. [A] bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D] sick
16. [A] principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign
17. [A] request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish
18. [A] disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming
19. [A] if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming
20. [A] obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing
1-20参考答案：CDAAC ADCBD ACBDB CBDAD
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
中小学生安全登录入口Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little
later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren
sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements
born knowing how to say “I’m
appease parents and friends -- and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally
regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-- it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet
this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what
a psychology researcher a t the
guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish,
University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions
aren’t binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too
much happiness can be destructive.
And quilt , by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, c an encourage
humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psychology professor
at the University of Toronto ,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.
In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent
different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may
make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses.
And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments
-observations, she rated each chil d’s overall sympathy level and his or
and the children’s self
her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the
low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel
guilty. The guilt-prone ones share more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.
m and we “That’s good news,” Malti says, “We can be prosocial because we caused har
feel regret.”
21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _______.
A. regulate a child’s basic emotions
B. improve a child’s intellectual ability
C. foster a child’s moral development
elings
D. intensify a child’s positive fe
22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be _______.
A. deceptive
B. burdensome
C. addictive
D. inexcusable
23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.
A. emotions are context-independent
B. emotions are socially constructive
C. emotional stability can benefit health
D. an emotion can play opposing roles
24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.
A. may help correct emotional deficiencies
B. can result from either sympathy or guilt
C. can bring about emotional satisfaction
D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts
25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to _______.
A. teachings
B. discussions
C. restrictions
D. wrongdoings
21-25参考答案：CBDBD
Text 2
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could
one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap - but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flo
urish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing
their capacity to absorb carbon now. Califormia is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees
and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But
2019河南省公务员职位表the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to
fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire,
fewer trees are consumed.
The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 - financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions. That's only a small share
of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to
prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests
is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they
come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Califormia's plan, which
is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
26. By saying “one of the harder challenges ,”the author implies that_________.
A. global climate change may get out of control
B. people may misunderstand global warming
C. extreme weather conditions may arise
D. forests may become a potential threat
27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks," we may need to__________.
A. preserve the diversity of species in them
B. accelerate the growth of young trees
C. strike a balance among different plants
D. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity
28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.
A. cultivate more drought-resistant trees
B. reduce the density of some of its forests
C. find more effective ways to kill insects
29.What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5?
A. To handle the areas in serious danger first.
B. To carry it out before the year of 2020.
C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.
D. To obtain enough financial support.
30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as________.
A. ambiguous
大学生村官考试题型B. tolerant
C. supportive
D. cautious
26-30参考答案：DDBAC
Text 3
American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now.
Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S.
job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for
2021考研国家线什么时候出farm workers.
Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable
foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far
failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.
Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers
enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm
laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than
migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this
century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are.
And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains
as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the fa Mechanization is not the answer either — not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice,
soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive
crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a
small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.
As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the
H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the
visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,
which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren
allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One
survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22
days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.
In a 2012 survey ，71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.
In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.
31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?
A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.
B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
C.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.
D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.
32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_______.
A.the rising number of illegal immigrants
B.the high mobility of crop workers
C.the lack of experienced laborers
D.the aging of immigrant farm workers
33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?
A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.
B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.
C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.
D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.
34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its ___.
A. slow granting procedures
B. limit on duration of stay
C. tightened requirements
D. control of annual admissions
35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?
A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?
B. Import Food or Labor?
C. America Saved by Mexico?
D. Manpower vs. Automation?
31-35参考答案：CDBAB
Text 4
Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day —encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.
The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.
My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be ach
ieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions — a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
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