SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
The Popularity of English
I. Present status of English
A. English as a native/first language
B. English as a lingua franca: a language for communication among people
whose (1)______ are different
C. Number of people speaking English as a first or a second language:
— 320-380 million native speakers
— 250- (2) _____ million speakers of English as a second language
II. Reasons for the popular use of English
A. (3) ____ reasons
— the Pilgrim Fathers brought the language to America;
— British settlers brought the language to Australia;
— English was used as a means of control in (4)_____
B. Economic reasons
— spread of (5) _____
— language of communication iii the international business community
C. (6)______ in international travel
—
use of English in travel and tourism
陕西专升本— signs in airports
— language of announcement
— language of (7) ______
D. Information exchange
— use of English in the academic world
— language of (8) _____ or journal articles
E. Popular culture
— pop music on (9)______
— films from the USA
III. Questions to think about
A. status of English in the future
B. (10) ______ of distinct varieties of English
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You willhear the lectu re ONCE ONLY while listening,takenotes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them tocomplete a gap-f illing task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you wi
ll be given twominutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task onANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
Now listen to the mini-lecture
The Popularity of English
Good morning, every one. Today’打印准考证考研2022
s lecture is about the popularity of English. As we all know,English is widely used in the world. Althou
gh English is not the language with the largestnumber of native or first language speakers, it has really become a lingua franca. Then what is alingua franca? The te rm refers to a language which is widely adopted for communicationbetw een two speakers whose native languages are different from each other ’
s, and where oneor both speakers are using it as a second language. For example, when an Indian talks to aSingaporean using English, th en English is the lingua franca. Then actually how many peoplespeak English as either a first or a second language? Some researchers sug gested a few yearsago that between 320－
380 million people spoke English as a first language, and anywaybetwe en 250－
350 million as a second language. And of course, if we include peop le who arelearning English as a foreign language all over the world, that number may increase dramatically.Then we may ask a question: h ow did English get there? That is, how did English gain thepresent status of popularity? There are in fact a number of interlocking rea sons for thepopularity of English as a lingua franca. Many of the r easons are historical, but they alsoinclude economic and cultural fact ors that have influenced and sustained the spread of thelanguage. Let ’s go through the reasons one by one.
First is the historical reason. This is related to the colonial hist ory. As we know, when thePilgrim Fathers landed on the Massachusetts coast in 1620 after their journey from England,they brought with th em not just a set of religious beliefs, a pioneering spirit or a d esire forcolonization, but also their language. Although many years la ter, the Americans broke awayfrom their colonial master, the language of English remained and still does. It was the same inAustralia, t oo. When Commander Phillip planted the British flag in Sydney cove o n the 26thJanuary,
1788, it was not just a bunch of British convicts on their guardian s, but also alanguage. In other parts of the former British Empire, English rapidly became a unifying ordominating means of control. For example, it became a lingua franca in India or a variety ofindigen ous languages made the use of any one of them as a whole country systemproblematic. So the imposition of English as the one language o
f administration helpsmaintain the colonizers’control and power, thus English traveled around many parts of theworld in those days. And lon
g after that colonial power has faded away, it is still widely u sed asa main or at least an institutional language in countries as far apart as Jamaica and Pakistan,Uganda and New Zealand. That is t
h e first factor.
Now the second major factor in the spread of English has been the spread of commercethroughout the world. The spread of international co mmerce has taken English along with it.This is the 20th century phen omenon of globalization. Therefore, one of the first sights manytravel ers see when arriving in countries as diverse as Brazil, China, for example, is the yellowtwin arch sign of MacDonald’
s fast food restaurant or some other famous brands outlets Andwithout doubt, English is used as the language of communication in the int ernational businesscommunity. in the international business community. And the third factor related to the popular use of English is the booming international travel.And you will find that much travel and t ourism is carried on around the world in English. Ofcourse this is not always the case, as the multi-lingualism of many tourism workers in manydifferent countries demonstrate. But a visit to most airports on the globe will show signs notonly in the language of that coun try but also with English, just as many airline announcementsbroadcast in English too, whatever the language of the country the airport i s situated in.
So far, English is also the preferred language of air traffic contro l in many countries and is usedwidely in sea travel communication. A nother factor has something to do with informationexchange around the world. As we all know, a great deal of academic discourse
around the world takes place in English. It is often a lingua franc a of conferences,for example,and many journal articles in fields as d iverse as astronomy, trio psychology and geology haveEnglish as a kin d of default language.
The last factor I cite here concerns popular culture. In the western world, at least English is adominating language in popular culture. Pop music in English can be heard on many radios,thus many people who are not English speakers can sing words from their favorite En glishmedium songs. And many people who are regular cinema-goers or TV viewers can frequentlyhear English in subtitle films coming out of the USA.
Now, to sum up in today’
s lecture, we have reviewed some of the reasons or factors that lie behind the popular use of English as the No.
1 world language. Before we finish, I'd like toleave a few questions for you to think about. Is the status of English as the No.
1 worldlanguage a sure in the future? Will it split into varieties that become less mutually intelligible?Or will some other language or languages take the place of English as world language in future?The se questions are not easy to answer, I know. But they are definitel y worth pondering overafter the lecture. Ok, this brings to the end of today’
s lecture. Thank you for your attention.Now you have two minutes to check your notes. And then please finish the gap-filling task onAns wer Sheet 1 in 10 minutes.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview
小行星带位于1. Mary doesn't seem to favour the idea of a new airport because
A. the existing airports are to be wasted
B. more people will be encouraged to travel.
C. more oil will be consumed.
D. more airplanes will be purchased.
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Mary as a potential disadvantage?
A. More people in the area.
B. Noise and motorways.
C. Waste of land.
D. Unnecessary travel.
3. Freddy has cited the following advantages for a new airport EXCEPT
A. more job opportunities.
B. vitality to the local economy.
C. road construction,
D. presence of aircrew in the area.
4. Mary thinks that people dont need to do much travel nowadays as a result of
A. less emphasis on personal contact.
国考出成绩时间B. advances in modern telecommunications.
C. recent changes in peoples concepts.
D. more potential damage to the area
5. We learn from the conversation that Freddy is Marys ideas,
A. strongly in favour of
B. mildly in favour of
C. strongly against
D. mildly against
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured
answer sheet.
Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
6. What is the main idea of the news item?
A. A new government was formed after Sundays elections.
B. The new government intends to change the welfare system.省考公务员
C. The Social Democratic Party founded the welfare system.
D. The Social Democratic Party was responsible for high unemployment. Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.
7. The tapes of the Apollo-11 mission were first stored in
A. a U.S. government archives warehouse.
B. a NASA ground tracking station.
C. the Goddard Space Flight Centre.
D. none of the above places.
8. What does the news item say about Richard Nafzger?
A. He is assigned the task to look for the tapes.
B. He believes that the tapes are probably lost.
C. He works in a NASA ground receiving site.
D. He had asked for the tapes in the 1970s.
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.
9. The example in the news item is cited mainly to show
A. that doctors are sometimes professionally incompetent
B. that in cases like that hospitals have to pay huge compensations.
天水人事信息编制网C. that language barriers might lower the quality of treatment.
D. that language barriers can result in fatal consequences.
10. According to Dr. Flores, hospitals and clinics
A. have seen the need for hiring trained interpreters.
B. have realized the problems of language barriers.
C. have begun training their staff to be bilinguals.
D. have taken steps to provide accurate diagnosis.
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet。
TEXT A
At the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joons life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at After dinner, its time to hit the books again—at one of Seouls many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routine—five days a week. Its a grueling schedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.
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