2009年Part C
There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 遴选面试The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.
47. 这个制度的副产品仅仅是为人们所逐步注意到，而在实施这种制度时，认为这种影响是一个制约因素则仍然更为缓慢。
2010年Part C
One basic weakness in a comservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the landmunity have no economic value.Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and ,if its stability depends on its inteyrity,they are entitled to continuance.
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and,if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbiras were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them,the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid.
It is pamful to read these round about accounts today .We have no land ethic yet ,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve t
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and,if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbiras were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them,the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid.
It is pamful to read these round about accounts today .We have no land ethic yet ,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve t
高中会考报名网站入口he health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species”.
Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe ,where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the Non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community ,to be preserved as such ,within reason.
To sum up:a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50) 山东省2021年专升本考试大纲It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.Without the uneconomic pats.
Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe ,where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the Non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community ,to be preserved as such ,within reason.
To sum up:a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50) 山东省2021年专升本考试大纲It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.Without the uneconomic pats.
46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。
47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或"没有价值的物种"。
49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林落的成员适当地加以保护。
50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物落的健康运行是至关重要的。
48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或"没有价值的物种"。
49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林落的成员适当地加以保护。
50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物落的健康运行是至关重要的。
2011年Part C
With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver，” creating our inner character and outer circumstances， the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of
the central idea of self-help writing. （46） Allen‘s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter， we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless； this allows us to think one way and act another. However， Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind， and （47） while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone， in reality we are continually faced with a question： “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？ ”
Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire， Allen concluded ： “ We do not attract what we want， but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement； you don‘t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.
申论开头金句 Part of the fame of Allen‘s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a pers
on， they reveal him.” （48） This seems a justification for neglect of those in need， and a rationalization of exploitation， of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. This 恢复高考时间，however， would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances， however bad， offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people， then humanity would never have progressed. In fat， （49）circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless， as any biographer knows， a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.
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