2000年考研英语真题
PartⅠStructureandVocabulary
(1~40略:新大纲不再考查的部分)
PartⅡClozeTest黄石人事人才网
Directions:
Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)
Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain 41 consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthims
elfandhisfamily 42 heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforso wing,asaninsurance 43 theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto 44 oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto 45 thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation 46 andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarm ercannotbe 47 .Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor 48 extrafundsintheformofloans.Natu rallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow 49 ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot 50 obtainable.41.A.otherthan      B.aswellas      C.insteadof      D.morethan
42.A.onlyifB.muchasC.longbeforeD.eversince
43.A.forB.againstC.ofD.towards
44.A.replaceB.purchaseC.supplementD.dispose
45.A.enhanceB.mixC.feedD.raise
46.A.vesselsB.routesC.pathsD.channels
47.A.self confidentB.self sufficientC.self satisfiedD.self restrained
48.A.searchB.saveC.offerD.seek
49.A.proportionB.percentageC.rateD.ratio
50.A.genuinelyB.obviouslyC.presumablyD.frequently
PartⅢReadingComprehension
Directions:
Eachofthepassagebelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA,
B,CandD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Thenmarkyouran sweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)
Passage1
Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybe comeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosper
ousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid 1980s,Americanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America smachine toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.
Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobe lievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid 1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJa panhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasdevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstruc ture,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard sKennedySchoo
lofGovernment.“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusines sesareimprovingtheirproductivity.”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink tankinWashington,D.C.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”
51.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarⅡbecause    .
[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal
[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore
[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors
[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy
52.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican    .
[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket
[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises
江西省会计从业资格考试报名入口[C]machine toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions
[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket
两会开始时间和结束时间53.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself doubtandblindpride.
[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.
[C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.
[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.
2013考研英语真题54.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe    .
[A]turningofthebusinesscycle
[B]restructuringofindustry
[C]improvedbusinessmanagement
[D]successineducation
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Passage2
Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisra tiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70 year oldtherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)su
rvivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.
Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoff spring.Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthe
sameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper middle classIndiacomparedtothetribes.
Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.
55.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?
[A]Alackofmates.[B]Afiercecompetition.
[C]Alowersurvivalrate.[D]Adefectivegene.
56.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?
[A]Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.
[B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.
[C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatoftribes.
[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.
57.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause    .
[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance
[B]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining安徽省教师招聘考试时间2022年
[C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution
[D]thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing
58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
[A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution
[B]WaysofContinuingMan sEvolution
[C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature
[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere
【】2000年考研英语真题  系统精析
Passage3
Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareai mingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe———evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight———itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.
This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentu
ry,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughts,andemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.Insteadofde scribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.
Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetw
eenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty fivekilograms.”
This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?
59.Thispassageismainly    .
[A]asurveyofnewapproachestoart
[B]areviewofFuturistpoetry
[C]aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement
[D]aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature
60.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto    .
[A]determineitspurposes
[B]ignoreitsflaws
[C]followthenewfashions
[D]accepttheprinciples
61.Futuristsclaimthatwemust    .
[A]increasetheproductionofliterature
[B]usepoetrytorelievemodernstress
[C]developnewmodesofexpression
[D]avoidusingadjectivesandverbs
62.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis    .
[A]basedonreasonableprinciples
[B]newandacceptabletoordinarypeople
[C]indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature
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[D]moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature
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Passage4
AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheen vyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.Butincreasingl
ytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork moralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.
Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttak ingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself expression.“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores—personality,ability,courageorhumanity—arecompletelyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty seducationcommittee.“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarⅡhadweakenedthe“Japa nesemoralityofrespectforparents”.
ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife styles.“InJapan,”sayseducatorYokoMuro,“it sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two generationhouseholds.UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone quarter.
63.IntheWesterner seyes,thepostwarJapanwas    .
[A]underaimlessdevelopment[B]apositiveexample
[C]arivaltotheWest[D]onthedecline
64.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?
[A]Women sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.
[B]Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.
[C]Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.
[D]Thelife stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.
65.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?
[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.
[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.
[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.
[D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.