Section I Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C],and [D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10points)
Until recent l y most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution.They1that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the2man.But they insisted that its3results during the period from1750to1850were widespread poverty and misery for the4of the English population.5 contrast,they saw in the preceding hundred years from1650to1750,when England was still a6agricultural country,a period of great abundance and prosperity.长春市人力资源考试网报名入口
This view,7,is generally thought to be wrong.Specialists8history and economics,have9two things:that the period from1650to1750was10by great poverty,and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
1.［A］admitted［B］believed［C］claimed［D］predicted
2.［A］plain［B］average［C］mean［D］normal
3.［A］momentary［B］prompt［C］instant［D］immediate
4.［A］bulk［B］host［C］gross［D］magnitude
5.［A］On［B］With［C］For［D］By
6.［A］broadly［B］thoroughly［C］generally［D］completely
7.［A］however［B］meanwhile［C］therefore［D］moreover
8.［A］at［B］in［C］about［D］for
9.［A］manifested［B］approved［C］shown［D］speculated
10.［A］noted［B］impressed［C］labeled［D］marked
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(40points)
Text1
山西职业技术学院Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams.Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.But to be fascinated is also,sometimes,to be blind.Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful.It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert
themselves.Egypt’s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam.Turkey’s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
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But big dams tend not to work as intended.The Aswan Dam,for example,stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left--all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
And yet,the myth of controlling the waters persists.This week,in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams.But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs,and now needs a dam to prove itself.
Meanwhile,in India,the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam.And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction.The benefits are for the powerful,but they are far from guaranteed.
Proper,scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams.But when you are dealing with myths,it is hard to be either proper, or scientific.It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan.You don’t need a dam to be saved.
11.The third sentence of Paragraph1implies that________.
[A]people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
[B]the blind could be happier than the sighted
[C]over-excited people tend to neglect vital things
[D]fascination makes people lose their eyesight
12.In Paragraph5,“the powerless”probably refers to________.
[A]areas short of electricity
[B]dams without power stations
[C]poor countries around India
[D]common people in the Narmada Dam area
13.What is the myth concerning giant dams?
[A]They bring in more fertile soil.
[B]They help defend the country.
[C]They strengthen international ties.
[D]They have universal control of the waters.
14.What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as________.
[A]“It’s no use crying over spilt milk”
[B]“More haste,less speed”
[C]“Look before you leap”
[D]“He who laughs last laughs best”
Text2
Well,no gain without pain,they say.But what about pain without gain?Everywhere you go in America,
you hear tales of corporate revival.What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
The official statistics are mildly discouraging.They show that,if you lump manufacturing and services together,productivity has grown on average by1.2%since1987.That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade.And since1991,productivity has increased by about 2%a year,which is more than twice the1978-87average.The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle,and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.There is,as Robert Rubin,the treasury secretary,says,a“disjunction”between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
Some of this can be easily explained.New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery,new technology,and investment in education and training.Moreover,most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable,and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
Two other explanations are more speculative.First,some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done.Second,even if it was well done,it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
Leonard Schlesinger,a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain,a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes,says that much“re-engineering”has been crude.In many cases,he believes,the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost.His colleague, Michael Beer,says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter.He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish--“the worst sort of ambulance chasing.”
15.According to the author,the American economic situation is________.
[A]not as good as it seems
[B]at its turning point
[C]much better than it seems
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[D]near to complete recovery
16.The official statistics on productivity growth________.
[A]exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle
[B]fall short of businessmen’s anticipation
[C]meet the expectation of business people
[D]fail to reflect the true state of economy
17.The author raises the question“what about pain without gain?”because________.
[A]he questions the truth of“no gain without pain”
[B]he does not think the productivity revolution works
[C]he wonders if the official statistics are misleading
[D]he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
18.Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
[A]Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
[B]New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
[C]The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.
[D]The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.
Text3
Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture.Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton.The schism between science and the humanities has,if anything,deepened in this century.
Until recently,the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics --but no longer.As funding for science has declined,scientists have attacked“anti-science”in several books,notably Higher Superstition,by Paul R.Gross,a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norm
an Levitt,a mathematician at Rutgers University;and The Demon-Haunted World,by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as“The Flight from Science and Reason,”held in New York City in1995,and“Science in the Age of(Mis)information,”which assembled last June near Buffalo.
Anti-science clearly means different things to different people.Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists,philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity.Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts,creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
A survey of news stories in1996reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well,from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber,whose manifesto,published in1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia.But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science,as an essay in US
News&World Report last May seemed to suggest.
The environmentalists,inevitably,respond to such critics.The true enemies of science,argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University,a pioneer of environmental studies,are those who question the evidence supporting global warming,the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
Indeed,some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless.“The term‘anti-science’can lump together too many,quite different things,”notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his1993work Science and Anti-Science.“They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”
19.The word“schism”(Line4,Paragraph1)in the context probably means________.
[A]confrontation
[B]dissatisfaction
[C]separation
[D]contempt
20.Paragraphs2and3are written to________.
[A]discuss the cause of the decline of science’s power
[B]show the author’s sympathy with scientists
[C]explain the way in which science develops
[D]exemplify the division of science and the humanities
贵州省公务员考试202321.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
[A]Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.
[B]Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science.
河北人才网入口[C]The“more enlightened”tend to tag others as anti-science.
[D]Tagging environmentalists as“anti-science”is justifiable.
22.The author’s attitude toward the issue of“science vs.anti-science”is________.
[A]impartial
[B]subjective
[C]biased
[D]puzzling
Text4
Emerging from the1980census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition,as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
This development--and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history
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