银行资格证报名入口
The relationship between formal education and economic growth
in poor countries
is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.
经济学家和政治学家都误解了贫困国家正规教育与经济发展之间的关系。
formal education
formal
form
educate
education
economist
economic
economical
economics
economy
politician
political
politician
politics
widely
wide
widepread
alike
正规教育
正式的 形式的
形式,组成,构成
教育,培养
教育,培养
经济学家
经济上的
湖北考试节约的,经济的
经济学,经济情况
节约,经济
政治家
政治的
政治家
政治,政见
广,广泛的
宽阔的,广阔的
分布广泛的
相似的
Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for
the social, political and intellectual development
of these and all other societies;
however, the conventional view
that education should be one of the very highest priorities
for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries
is wrong.
毫无疑问,在这两个领域取得的进步对于这些贫困过节以及其他国家的社会、政治、智力发展都是必不可少的。
传统的观点认为,
教育应成为促进贫困国家经济快速发展首要考虑的因素之一,
然而这种观点是错误的。镇江事业单位招聘
political
politician
political
politician
politics
intellectual
intelligence
intelligent
intelligible
conventional
convention
priority
promote
rapid
progress in
progress
progressive
undoubtedly
doubt
政治上的
政治家
政治的
政治家
政治,政见
知识分子,智力
智力,聪明
聪明的,明智的
可理解的,易懂的
传统的,常见的
会议,惯例
优先,重点
促进,提升
迅速的
有进展
进步,发展
进步的,先进的
毫无疑问地
怀疑,疑虑
We are fortunate that is it,
because building new educational systems there
and putting enough people
through them to improve economic performance
would require two or three generations.
很庆幸这种观点是错误的,
因为在这些国家建立新的教育体制,
并同通过这种体制培养足够的人,
通过他们提高经济效益,
需要两三代人的时间。
fortunate
fortune
unfortunately
幸运的
运气,命运
不幸地
The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that
workers in all countries can be trained on the job
to achieve radical higher productivity and,
as a result, radically higher standards of living.
一家研究机构的研究结果一直表明,
所有国家的工人都可以通过在岗培训
从根本上提高生产率
进而从根本上提高生活水平。
institution
institute
research 南海财政局institution
consistent
consist
train
training
radical
produce
product
production
productive
productivity
standard
standoint
建立,制度,机构
学会,设立,制定
研究机构
一贯的,一致的
在于,存在于
培养,训练
训练,培养
根本的,彻底的
生产,制造
产品,产物
生产,产品
生产的,能产的
生产率,生产能力
标准
立场,观点
Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States.
具有讽刺的是,这一观点最先在美国得到证实。
ironical
evidence
evident
讽刺的,相反地
证据,明显
明显的,明白的
Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing
and Japan at its pre-bubble peak.
不久前,美国经济进入衰退期,
日本处于泡沫破裂前的经济高峰期,
recess
recessing
bubble
peak
pre-
pre-bubble peak
暂停,休息
(经济上)衰退
气泡
高峰,巅峰
在前,先
泡沫破裂前的高峰
The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated
and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance.
美国的劳工被嘲笑受教育水平低,
是造成美国经济效益低的主要原因之一。
deride
deride as
primary
prime
primitive
嘲笑,嘲弄
嘲笑为
最初的,主要的
首要的,青春
原始的,早期的
Japan was and remains the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.
日本从过去到现在一直在汽车装配生产率上保持全球领导地位。
automotive
automatic
automation
automobile
assembly
assemble
produce
product
production
productive
productivity
汽车的,自动的
自动的,无意识的
自动,自动化
汽车(口语)
装配,集合
集合,聚集
生产,制造
产品,产物
生产,产品
生产的,能产的
生产率,生产能力
Yet the research revealed that
the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota
achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts
---- a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.
然后,研究表明,
丰田、尼桑、本田(三家日本汽车商)的美国工厂
达到日本本土工厂生产率的约95%
这归功于对美国工人进行的在岗培训。
reveal
revelation
counterpart
count
counter
receive
透露,揭露
揭示,揭露
相似的人或物
数,计算
柜台,计算器
收到,接受
More recently, while examining housing construction,
the researchers discovered that
illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas,
consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards
despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.
近期,在调查房屋建筑业时,
研究者发现,
德克萨斯州休斯顿市的那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥工人
能一直达到劳动生产率最佳实践标准
尽管建筑业工作很复杂。
construction
construct
illiterate
consistent
consist
despite
complexity
complex
complicate
complicated
complication
industry
industrial
industrialize
建筑,建造
建设,建造
文盲的
一致的,坚持的
在于,存在于
不管,尽管
错综复杂
复杂的,合成的
使…复杂
错综复杂的,麻烦的
复杂,纠纷
工业,行业
工业的,产业的
工业化
What is the real relationship between education and economic development?
那么,教育和经济发展之间究竟是什么关系呢?
We have to suspect that
continuing economic growth promotes the development of education
even when governments don’t force it.
我们猜想,
持续的经济增长促进教育的发展,
即使政府不强制推行教育。
suspect
continue
continual
continuous
怀疑,猜想
继续,连续
不断的,连续的
连续的,持续的
After all, that’s how education got started.
毕竟,最初的教育就是这样产生的
after all
毕竟,终究
When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago,
they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.
一万年前,当我们的祖先依靠打猎、采集为生的时候,
他们根本没有时间去思考猎取食物以外的其他事情。
hunter
hunt
gatherer
gather
猎人
打猎,猎取
搜集,采集的人
聚集,聚拢
Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way
was there time for other things.
只有当人类开始更有效率的获取食物后,
他们才有时间去考虑其他事情。
humanity
human
人性,人类
人的,人类的
As education improved,
humanity’s productivity potential increased as well.
随着教育的改善,
人类的生产率潜能也得到了提高。
potential
潜能,潜在的
When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,
they could in turn afford more education.
当竞争的环境促使我们的祖先去实现这种潜能时,
他们反过来又能得到更多的教育。
competitive
compete
competent
competition
push
in turn
afford
竞争的
比赛,竞争
有能力的,足够的
竞争,比赛
推,推动
依次,轮流
提供,负担
This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary,
but not a sufficient,
condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.
2020全国高考录取分数线一览表日益提高的教育水平是建立政治体制的必要而非充分条件,
经济效益的提高需要相应的复杂的政治体制。
increasingly
increase
sufficient
suffice
condition
air-conditioning
complex
complexity
complicate
complicated
complication
political
politician
politics
advance
advanced
advantage
渐增的
增加,增长
足够的,充足的
足够,有能力
条件,前提
空调设备
复杂的
错综复杂
使…复杂
错综复杂的,麻烦的
复杂,纠纷
政治上的
政治家
政治,政治学
促进,提出
超前的,先进的
优点,长处
Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes
that may be possible only with broader formal education.
因此,没有政治变革,贫困国家可能无法摆脱贫穷的困境,
thus
poverty
trap
broader
broad
broadcast
因此
贫穷,贫困
困境,陷阱
广大的
宽的,广阔的
广播节目
A lack of formal education, however,
doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to
substantially improve productivity for the forested future.
但是,正规教育的缺乏,
并不会限制发展中国家的劳动力在可预见的未来大幅度提高生产率
constrain
substantial
substance
强逼,强迫
本质的,物质的
2022年初级会计报名状态查询物质,实质