2009年考研英语真题答案完整版：
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41-45 35216
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.462021年高会考试成绩查询时间It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compare
d with physical output.
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49湖北二级建造师报名入口Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. T
hese groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.
46题　有人说，测量任何学校的价值是扩大和提高经验的影响，这种影响是最初动机的一部分
47题　只有逐渐注意机构的副产品，并且逐渐增多，它才能初人民认为是机构产品的一个直接因素。
48题　在我们的联系中忽视我们的行为与他们的处置意向的效果是容易的，但是与成年人交易是不容易的
49题　因为我们与他们主要的生意能够使他们分享我们禁不住考虑的日常生活，不管我们是否获得这种能力的决心
50题  我们引领辨别，在广泛的教育过程中，我们已经充分考虑到教育的一种形式是机构和学校

新东方名师：宋平明
  在人们从与其他人相处中受到的教育和对年轻人的有意的教育之间，有着显著的不同。在前一种情况下，教育是偶然的，它自然而然地发生，而且至关重要，但它并不是(社会)联系的直接原因。46可以说，对任何社会制度的价值的衡量在于它在扩展和改进经验方面的效应，但是这种效应并不是它原始动机的一部分。比如，宗教社团产生于这样一种愿望：确保反抗强权压迫、阻挡邪恶势力；家庭生活产生于满足欲望、确保家庭永续的愿望之下；而系统的劳动，在很大程度上是始于对他人的奴役等。公务员怎么查询岗位47制度的这种副效应是逐渐地被意识到的，而这种效应被视为制度运转的指导性因素则需要更加缓慢的过程。即使今天，在我们的工业化生活里，除了勤俭和节约等某些价值观之外，与物量产出相比，让世界得以前行的人类不同形式社会关系中所存在的智识和情感反应却受到极少关注。
  但是在与年轻人接触时，交往事实本身作为一项直接的人类事实，日益重要。48虽然在我们与年轻人接触时，很容易忽略我们的行为对他们的性格产生的影响，但这并不像与成年人打交道那么简单。培训的必要性显而易见；改变他们态度和习惯的要求如此迫切，我们不能对这些后果置之不理。49既然我们的主要职责在于使年轻人参与共同生活，那么我们不得不考虑我们是否在构建能够确保我们这种能力的力量。如果人类有所进展，意识到每项制度的终极价值在于它独特的人类效应的话，我们可以认为这个教训很大程度上源于
与年轻人的接触。50因此，我们可以在上文所述及的宽泛的教育进程中，区分出一种更加正规的教育，即直接教导或学校教育。在落后的社会体中，我们几乎看不到正规的教育和培训。这些体主要依赖于培养年轻人各种必需的品质，而正是这种同样类型的社会联系保持着成年人对自身体的忠诚。
46、It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive甘井子区民政局。
结构分析：
  并列分句及形式主语结构//It may be said主语从句//that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect 介词短语作后置定语/in enlarging and improving experience; 并列分句//but this effect is not a part of its original motive。
  词义推敲：
  the measure of 对……的衡量
  social institution社会制度
  effect效果，效应，影响
  enlarging and improving experience扩展(或扩大)和改进(或提升)经验
  original原始的，最初的
  motive动机，目的
  参考译文：
  可以说，对任何社会制度的价值的衡量在于它在扩展和改进经验方面的效应，但是这种效应并不是它原始动机的一部分。
  得分重点：
  主语从句，后置定语，后一个分句的宾语
  47、Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。
  结构分析：
  并列句及倒装结构//Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, 并列句及倒装结构//and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。
  词义推敲：
  gradually逐渐地，渐渐地
  by-product副产品，意外结果、副作用
  directive指导性的
  the conduct of the institution制度的运转(或实施)
 
参考译文：
石家庄人社局电话
  社会制度的这种副效应是逐渐地被意识到的，而认识到这种效应是制度运转的指导性因素则更加缓慢。
  得分重点：
  两个倒装结构，呈递进关系的两个被强调部分
  48、While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults。